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PENALTY

PENALTY. Chapter 5. PENALTY CONTINGENCY. The immediate, response-contingent REMOVAL of a REINFORCER resulting in a decreased frequency of that response. BEFORE BEHAVIOR AFTER. Penalty Contingencies. Graph. Threats . Interventions.

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PENALTY

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  1. PENALTY Chapter 5

  2. PENALTY CONTINGENCY • The immediate, response-contingent REMOVAL of a REINFORCER resulting in a decreased frequency of that response BEFORE BEHAVIOR AFTER

  3. Penalty Contingencies

  4. Graph Threats Interventions

  5. Penalty Principle • A response becomes less frequent if loss of a reinforcer or a decrease in a reinforcer has immediately followed it in the past.

  6. Punishment, penalty, or escape?

  7. What contingency?

  8. Contingency Table

  9. Response cost Time out from positive reinforcement Specific Penalty Contingencies

  10. Response-Cost Contingency • The immediate response-contingent removal of a tangible reinforcer resulting in a decreased frequency of the response

  11. Time-out Contingency The immediate response-contingent removal of access to a reinforcer resulting in a decreased frequency of that response. Diagram this contingency. What do you need to know?

  12. Need to Know? • The target behavior (response) • YELLING OUT

  13. Response Cost Removal of the reinforcers themselves Loss of earned reinforcers Lost forever tangibles Time-Out Removal of access to reinforcers Loss of opportunity to earn reinforcers Lost temporarily Activities Response Cost vs. Time-Out

  14. Time-Out % of time Intervention

  15. Law of Effect • The effects of our actions determine whether we will repeat them. results

  16. E. L. Thorndike

  17. Cats in a puzzle box • Responses made just prior to “pleasant events” are more likely to be repeated, while responses made just prior to “unpleasant” events are more likely to diminish.

  18. Pleasant events • Satisfiers

  19. Unpleasant events • Annoyers

  20. Rolling Over the Dead Man • Not being tardy • Not eating junk food • Not speeding

  21. Basic Behavioral Contingencies

  22. Penalty & Reinforcement Inappropriate Natural Reinforcement Contingency Before: Sam has no attention After: Sam has attention Behavior: Sam bounces ball off his mother’s head After: Sam can’t play with the toys Before: Sam can play with toys Performance-Management Penalty Contingency

  23. Review • Contingency Table

  24. Contingency Table

  25. Contingency Table

  26. Contingency Table

  27. Contingency Table

  28. Contingency Table

  29. Reversal Designs An experimental design in which we reverse between intervention and baseline conditions to assess the effects of those conditions.

  30. Definition of ABA Design An experimental design in which the intervention and baseline conditions are reversed to assess the effects of those conditions B A A

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