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Chapter Six: Jerusalem and Early Christianity

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Chapter Six: Jerusalem and Early Christianity

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    1. Chapter Six: Jerusalem and Early Christianity

    4. Jerusalem and Early Christianity Biblical tradition + Graeco-Roman Culture Children of Israel, Israelites, Jews, Hebrews Period of the Patriarchs Period of the Exodus Period of the Conquest The United Monarchy Divided Kingdom and Exile The Return

    5. 6.3 The Spoils of Jerusalem, c. 81 ce. Passageway relief from the Arch of Titus, Rome, Italy// © Werner Forman/ Art Resource, NY6.3 The Spoils of Jerusalem, c. 81 ce. Passageway relief from the Arch of Titus, Rome, Italy// © Werner Forman/ Art Resource, NY

    6. The Hebrew Bible and Its Message “Bible” ? Byblos The Law, the Prophets, the Writings Hebrew canon (C.E. 90) Septuagint Moral guide, ethical and religious stability Not a philosophical treatise

    7. Basic Motifs of the Bible Biblical Monotheism God exists before the world God pronounces creation as “good” Humans are the crown of creation God deeply involved in the world

    8. Basic Motifs of the Bible Covenant “I will be your God; you will be my people” Covenant = Testament = Promise Renewed covenant = New Testament

    9. Basic Motifs of the Bible Ethics Moral code for individuals and society Ten Commandments Prohibitions, positive commands Prophetic writings

    10. Basic Motifs of the Bible Models and types Events, stories, characters as models Contemporary impact of biblical tradition Literature Art Social institutions

    11. The Beginnings of Christianity Life of Jesus Gospels Jesus as Christ, the Messiah Significance of resurrection

    12. Christianity Spreads Saul of Tarsus (Paul) Tireless missionary Non-Jewish converts Theological letters Social, religious factors for growth Peace, facility of travel, koine, audience Emphasis on salvation, freedom No class distinction

    13. Christian Persecution Nero’s Circus Christians as traitors to the state Refusal to express pietàs Emperor Constantine

    14. Early Christian Art Catacombs, underground cemeteries Frescoes Salvation; Communion; Virgin and Child Glass and Sculpture Christ as Good Shepherd, glass disks Carved sarcophagi Inscriptions Name, date of death, decorative symbol

    15. 6.4 Christ Teaching the Apostles, c. 300 ce. Wall painting. 1´3? x 4´3? (.38 x 1.3 m). Catacombs of Domitilla, Rome, Italy//Photo © Held Collection/The Bridgeman Art Library6.4 Christ Teaching the Apostles, c. 300 ce. Wall painting. 1´3? x 4´3? (.38 x 1.3 m). Catacombs of Domitilla, Rome, Italy//Photo © Held Collection/The Bridgeman Art Library

    16. 6.5 Virgin and Child, c. 250 ce. Wall painting. Cemetery of Priscilla, Rome, Italy//© Scala/Art Resource, NY6.5 Virgin and Child, c. 250 ce. Wall painting. Cemetery of Priscilla, Rome, Italy//© Scala/Art Resource, NY

    17. 6.6 The Good Shepherd, c. 300 ce. Marble. 3´3? (99 cm) high. Museo Pio Cristiano, Vatican Museums, Vatican State//© Scala/Art Resource, NY6.6 The Good Shepherd, c. 300 ce. Marble. 3´3? (99 cm) high. Museo Pio Cristiano, Vatican Museums, Vatican State//© Scala/Art Resource, NY

    18. 6.8 Chi Rho Monogram, 4th century ce. From a wall painting in a Roman villa, Lullingstone, Kent, England. © British Museum, London/HIP/Art Resource, NY6.8 Chi Rho Monogram, 4th century ce. From a wall painting in a Roman villa, Lullingstone, Kent, England. © British Museum, London/HIP/Art Resource, NY

    19. 6.9 Anchor with entwined fish, 4th century ce. Mosaic from the Catacombs of Hermes, Sousse, Tunisia//© The Art Archive/Archaeological Museum, Sousse, Tunisia/Gianni Dagli Orti6.9 Anchor with entwined fish, 4th century ce. Mosaic from the Catacombs of Hermes, Sousse, Tunisia//© The Art Archive/Archaeological Museum, Sousse, Tunisia/Gianni Dagli Orti

    20. Dura-Europos Evidence of religious tolerance and coexistence Religious buildings on “Wall Street” Complex religious existence Artistic mingling of Eastern and Roman styles Precursor of Byzantine art

    21. 6.10 The Crossing of the Red Sea, c. 239 ce. (© Princeton University Press/Art Resource, NY)6.10 The Crossing of the Red Sea, c. 239 ce. (© Princeton University Press/Art Resource, NY)

    22. Early Christian Architecture Emperor Constantine (C.E. 306-337) Edict of Toleration Basilica-Style Churches Current site of St. Peter’s Basilica (Vatican) Church of the Holy Sepulchre (Jerusalem) Jesus’ burial site

    23. Chapter Six: Discussion Questions Discuss contemporary examples that illustrate the permeation of the biblical tradition in our culture. Explain why Nero and other Roman emperors were unwilling to tolerate Christianity. From a political standpoint, was the severity of punishment inflicted on Christians warranted? Why or why not? Consider the archeological findings of Dura-Europos. In what ways does history over-simplify past events? In two thousand years, what will future generations assume about our culture, religions, and religious tolerance? Explain.

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