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DHCP, ARP,RARP, ICMP Pertemuan 19

DHCP, ARP,RARP, ICMP Pertemuan 19. Matakuliah : H0484/Jaringan Komputer Tahun : 2007. Learning Outcomes. Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa akan mampu : Menggunakan DHCP dan protokol khusus pada Network Layer seperti ARP, RARP, ICMP. Outline Materi.

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DHCP, ARP,RARP, ICMP Pertemuan 19

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  1. DHCP, ARP,RARP, ICMPPertemuan 19 Matakuliah : H0484/Jaringan Komputer Tahun : 2007

  2. Learning Outcomes Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa akan mampu : • Menggunakan DHCP dan protokol khusus pada Network Layer seperti ARP, RARP, ICMP

  3. Outline Materi • Automatic IP Address assignment • DHCP Protocol • Protokol khusus ARP, RARP dan ICMP

  4. Start-up IP Address Menentukan IP Address saat Startup melalui jaringan untuk mendapatkan IP address dari Server • Sistem harus menggunakan physical addressnya (MAC address) untuk berkomunikasi dengan server yang mempunyai tabel IP address • Sistem mengirimkan broadcast untuk meminta IP address

  5. IP Address Statik / Dinamik • Address komputer dapat dialokasikan secara Statik atau Dinamik • IP address statik diberikan secara permanen ke komputer (Servers, routers) secara manual • Pemberian IP address secara dinamik lebih disukai karena penghematan, menghindari konfigurasi manual, mendukung mobilitas • DHCP Server umumnya digunakan untuk memberikan IP address dinamik ke clients • Tiap DHCP server mempunyai sejumlah IP addresses yang dapat diberikan dan mempunyai tabel statusnya • DHCP client dapat memperoleh semua parameter konfigurasi • Client menggunakan UDP port 67 untuk mengirimkan permintaan, Server menggunakan UDP port 68 untuk menjawab

  6. Hardware Address Hop Count OpCode Hardware Type Length Flags Number of Seconds Transaction ID Client IP address Your IP address Server IP address Gateway IP address Client hardware address (16 bytes) Server host name (64 bytes) Boot file name (128 bytes) Options DHCP Message Format (There are >100 different options)

  7. DHCP Process • Satu DHCP client dapat memperoleh tawaran dari beberapa servers dan dapat menerima salah satu namun biasanya yang pertama. • DHCP server yang menawarkan IP address ke client akan menjaga nya sampai tawaran tersebut diterima atau ditolak • Bila client melihat bahwa address yang ditawarkan padanya telah ada di jaringan, ia akan mengirimkan DHCPDECLINE

  8. DCHP DISCOVER DHCP Client 00:a0:24:71:e4:44 DHCP Server DHCPDISCOVER Sent to 255.255.255.255 DHCP Server DHCP Client DHCPOFFER 00:a0:24:71:e4:44 DHCP Server DHCPOFFER DHCP Server DHCP Process DCHP OFFER

  9. Client 00:a0:24:71:e4:44 DHCP Server DHCP Request 00:a0:24:71:e4:44 Sent to 255.255.255.255 Client 128.143.137.144 00:a0:24:71:e4:44 DHCP Server DHCP Response: IP address: 128.143.137.144 Default gateway: 128.143.137.1 Netmask: 255.255.0.0 DHCP Process

  10. DHCP Client 00:a0:24:71:e4:44 00:a0:24:71:e4:44 DHCP Server DHCPREQUEST DHCPREQUEST DHCPACK DHCPACK DHCP Server DHCP Process DCHP REQUEST • Saat ini DHCP client dapat memulai menggunakan IP address • Lease diperbahurui bila waktu telah berjalan 50 %. Jika DHCP server mengirimkan DHCPNACK address dilepas • Lamanya lease berkisar antara 1 menit sampai 999 hari (unlimited). Default 8 hari.

  11. DHCP Server DHCPRELEASE DHCP Client DHCP Client 00:a0:24:71:e4:44 00:a0:24:71:e4:44 DHCP Server DHCPRELEASE DHCP Server DHCP Server DHCP Operation DCHP RELEASE Saat ini DHCP client telah melepaskan IP address

  12. Role of ARP and RARP • TCP/IP network uses logical address (IP address) at network • To pass through packets to its destination via the physical network, physical address must be used • A table at each device is created to map logical address to physical address • Static mapping must periodically update its table • Dynamic mapping is using a protocol to create the table • The protocols are ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) ad RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol)

  13. ARP and RARP ARP : Get physical address of the known IP address RARP : Get IP address from the known physical address

  14. Role of ICMP • Internet Protocol has no error reporting and error correcting mechanism • Possible problems: • Dicard packets due inability to find a router to the final destination or TTL=0 • Discard all fragments due to time out of receiving all fragments • No mechanism for host and management queries • ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) has been designed to compensate the above deficiencies

  15. Error-reporting messages

  16. Query messages

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