Some Context for the Spread of CSNET to the Peoples Republic of China 1945-1985

1. Some Context for the Spread of CSNET to the Peoples Republic of China 1945-1985 Jay Hauben hauben@columbia.edu

4. John von Neumann 28 December 1903 - 8 February 1957 June 1945: First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC April 1947: Affidavit putting all IAS computer contributions in public domain 175 copies of reports on IAS computer development sent by land and sea mail around the world 1946-1953: Electronic Computer Project -- IAS Computer

5. John vov Neumann and the IAS computer

6. 22-23 October 1955 First international conference in Germany on electronic digital computing. 560 attendees 60 speakers Technische Hochschule, Darmstadt Alwin Walther

7. 1950s • USA: Joint Computer Conferences (started in 1951), leading to a desire for an international conference • Germany: 1955 - Electronic Computers and Information Processing (Elektronische Rechenmaschinen und Informations-verarbeitung) International Conference in Darmstadt (530 attendees and 60 speakers) • China: 1956 - Twelve Year Plan for the Development of Sciences and Technology included computer technology as one of the 57 priority fields

8. Suggested an international meeting to exchange information about the state of the computer art. Such a conference would be a “major contribution to a more stable world.” Isaac Auerbach

9. June 1959 First World Computer Conference Paris France Nearly 1800 participants from 38 countries “By far, the most important success of the conference was the co-mingling of people from all parts of the world, their making new acquaintances, and their willingness to share their knowledge with one another.” Isaac Auerbach

10. International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP) (1960 to present) Mission: To be an apolitical world organization to encourage and assist in the development, exploitation and application of Information Technology for the benefit of all people. (IFIP Charter 1960)

11. Time-Sharing Mode of Computer Operation simultaneous use of a single computer by many users (one computer with many terminals attached) Terminals Terminals Time sharing computer sharing among researchers now being built directly into the computer technology itself

12. JCR Licklider in 1960 foresaw interconnection of human-computer thinking centers into an “intergalactic network”

13. “It seems reasonable to envision, for a time 10 or 15 years hence, a 'thinking center' that will incorporate the functions of present-day libraries together with anticipated advances in information storage and retrieval.” - J.C.R. Licklider, Man-Computer Symbiosis, 1960.

14. Donald Davies mid 1960s Packet Switching communication lines could be shared by all users if the messages were broken up into packets

15. “For the society, the impact will be good or bad, depending mainly on the question: Will ‘to be on line’ be a privilege or a right? If only a favored segment of the population gets a chance … the network may exaggerate the discontinuity in … opportunity.” J.C.R. Licklider and Robert Taylor, The Computer as a Communication Device, 1968

16. UNIX time-sharing operating system simple and powerful entire software code available open for change and improvement by its users UNIX spread around the world

17. ARPANET Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA) Network first large scale network of dissimilar computers. based on packet switching technology The goal of the ARPANET project “to facilitate resource sharing” biggest surprise was that the ARPANET was used mostly for EMAIL

19. Computing in China: A Travel Report (Covering 3 weeks in July 1972) Science Magazine, 1973, Volume 182, Issue 4108, pp. 134-140

20. China sent a computer <- scientist, Li Fu-sheng, on its first team of scientists to tour the US in 1972.

21. November 23, 1971 Agreement to establish a European Informatics Network EIN One version of the planned European Informatics Network (Source “Cost 11 Project”)

22. A Proposed IIASANET Configuration, September 1975 (Source, IIASA, 1975, p.142)

23. Larry Landweber

24. COMPUTER SCIENCE RESEARCH NETWORK GOALS* Open to all computer researchers throughout the United States (later the world)* Logical net comprising physical subnets (initially ARPANET, Telenet, Phonenet)* Advanced network services (initially mail, file transfer remote login, name server)* Self-governing, -sustaining, and –supporting* Low entry fee

25. Michael Hebgen, Werner Zorn, Michael Rotert with VAX 11/750 (CSNET-HOST) and the SIEMENS 7561 (DFN-HOST) in the Univ of Karlsruhe Computer Center (IRA) 1985

26. John von Neumann

27. John von Neumann Alwin Walther Isaac Auerbach

28. John von Neumann Alwin Walther Isaac Auerbach JCR Licklider

29. John von Neumann Alwin Walther Isaac Auerbach JCR Licklider Donald Davies

30. John von Neumann Alwin Walther Isaac Auerbach JCR Licklider Donald Davies Louis Pouzin Bob Kahn

31. John von Neumann Alwin Walther Isaac Auerbach JCR Licklider Donald Davies Louis Pouzin Bob Kahn Tom Truscott

32. John von Neumann Alwin Walther Isaac Auerbach JCR Licklider Donald Davies Louis Pouzin Bob Kahn Tom Truscott Larry Landweber

33. John von Neumann Alwin Walther Isaac Auerbach JCR Licklider Donald Davies Louis Pouzin Bob Kahn Tom Truscott Larry Landweber Werner Zorn THANK YOU Yufeng Wang