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Using Fluorescence X-rays for Non-invasive Biopsy

Using Fluorescence X-rays for Non-invasive Biopsy. Advisors : Dr. Frank Carroll Dr. Ed Donnelly Mr. Robert Traeger Mr. Gary Shearer. Team members : Savannah Gill Kelvin Lin Mike McHugh Trey Reece Derric Williams. Current Methods. Conventional Methods Mammography

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Using Fluorescence X-rays for Non-invasive Biopsy

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  1. Using Fluorescence X-rays for Non-invasive Biopsy Advisors: Dr. Frank Carroll Dr. Ed Donnelly Mr. Robert Traeger Mr. Gary Shearer Team members: Savannah Gill Kelvin Lin Mike McHugh Trey Reece Derric Williams

  2. Current Methods Conventional Methods • Mammography • Cheap, Simple, Ubiquitous • High False Negative Rate • 10%-20% cancer missed • MRI • Safer • More Sensitive • More Costly • 15x that of mammography • High False Positive Rate • One study showed 43% of suspicious MRI findings showed no cancer • Twice as many false positive as mammograms Mammography X-Ray Image http://history.nih.gov/exhibits/genetics/sect2.htm

  3. Project Background • Current Methods are Invasive • Our Project Hopes To • Rid Detection Process of Needles, Anesthetic, & Pain • Reduce radiation dose to patient • Rid of contrast agent • Reduce Time & Complications http://healtgate.partners.org

  4. Our Method • Monochromatic X-rays • Fire X-rays of only one energy (or wavelength) • Use SAXS emissions from elements in tissue

  5. θ Theory Behind Our Method Small Angle X-ray Scattering

  6. R d Project Description Task 1: Decrease the size of the x-ray beam using collimator Task 2: Block off the extra x-rays using beamstop Task 3: Detect and analyze scattering pattern Task 4: Determine material

  7. Diffraction Patterns • Paraffin Wax • Similar to Adipose Tissue • No Water • Major Radial Peaks at: 12.6°, 11.4°, 10.2°

  8. Diffraction Patterns • Adipose/Gland Phantom 100/0 • Major radial peak at: 11.5° • Possible additional peaks at: 9.1°, 10.3°

  9. Diffraction Patterns • Adipose/Gland Phantom 30/70 • Major radial peak at: 11.5° • Possible additional peaks at: 9.1°, 10.3°

  10. Diffraction Patterns • Adipose/Gland Phantom 50/50 • Major radial peak at: 11.5° • New peak emerging at: 15.5°

  11. Diffraction Patterns • Adipose/Gland Phantom 30/70 • Major radial peak at: 11.5° • New clear peak at: 15.5°

  12. Diffraction Patterns • Adipose/Gland Phantom 0/100 • Major radial peak at: 11.5°, 15.5° • Possible additional peaks at: 13.8°, 8.9°

  13. Diffraction Patterns • Aluminum • Dots instead of rings (crystalline) • Multiple photon energies -> Smears Aluminum from Cullity, “Elements of X-Ray Diffraction”

  14. Diffraction Patterns Wooden Block (1.5” Thick) Wood Grain Horizontal Wood Grain Vertical

  15. Can you tell the difference?

  16. Thin Breast 100 2.3 deg 200 4.7 deg 300 7.1 deg 400 9.4 deg 500 11.7 deg 600 14.0 deg 700 16.2 deg 800 18.3 deg 900 20.5 deg 1000 22.5 deg 1100 24.5 deg

  17. Breast Samples Thin Cancerous Breast Thick CancerousBreast

  18. Muscle Samples Mouse Muscle Cancerous Muscle

  19. Pig Samples Pig Skin Pig Fat

  20. Reducing Noise – Monochromatic Beam Polychromatic Incident Beam Detector Thin Sample Thin Ring Created

  21. Reducing Noise – Monochromatic Beam Monochromatic Incident Beam Detector Thin Sample Thin Ring Created

  22. Current Status • Collect more images of different material using Kevex X-ray • X-ray more biological specimens • Use monochromatic x-ray laser for clearer results • Develop an algorithm to determine the cancerous tissue from normal tissue

  23. Next Step • Continue imaging biological samples • Multiple trials needed • Compare samples of normal tissue to cancerous tissue • Determine composition of unknown images as given by Dr. Carroll

  24. Dates to Come • Finish new collimator • By March 23rd • Finish imaging biological samples • By April 4th • Image biological samples with monochromatic • By April 13th • Complete analyzation & poster • By next oral presentation

  25. References • http://www.breastcancer.org/mri_vs_mammogram_high_risk.html • http://www.mrsc.ucsf.edu/breast/what_is_breast_mri.html • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammography

  26. Questions?

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