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Private Standards for Carbon Capture and Geologic Sequestration Regulation

Private Standards for Carbon Capture and Geologic Sequestration Regulation. Caitlin Augustin April 22 nd , 2011. Presentation Outline. Background of carbon capture and geologic sequestration Potential outcomes of CCS The need for an international regulatory framework Existing regulations

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Private Standards for Carbon Capture and Geologic Sequestration Regulation

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  1. Private Standards forCarbon Capture and Geologic SequestrationRegulation Caitlin Augustin April 22nd, 2011

  2. Presentation Outline • Background of carbon capture and geologic sequestration • Potential outcomes of CCS • The need for an international regulatory framework • Existing regulations • Private standards

  3. Carbon Capture and Geologic Sequestration CCS is a method of capturing carbon dioxide from large point sources and storing it in such a way that it never enters the atmosphere

  4. Major outcomes of carbon capture and geologic sequestration • Stable sequestration, where the CO2 is stored through mineral, hydrodynamic or solubility trapping. The trapped CO2 then remains stored within the reservoir boundaries at a consistent pressure and temperature. • Fracturing, some CO2 trapping may occur, but pressure and temperature of the reservoir exceed acceptable conditions and the caprock seal is fractured, releasing CO2 gas outside of the reservoir. • Viscous fingering, some CO2 trapping may occur, but the CO2 is less buoyant than the existing pore waters and can thus migrate out of the boundary layers.

  5. The Need for a Regulatory Framework • Health and safety regulators need a solid understanding of geological performance in a variety of geological settings and reservoir types in order to design monitoring and remediation requirements • Permitting and acquisition of storage rights rests on adequacy of models to accurately project geological storage capacity, plume size and behavior • Monitoring methodology and remediation techniques to trust that any leakage could be detected and remediated

  6. Potential Areas of Regulation in Carbon Sequestration Capture Regulations Percentage captured Capture materials Transportation mechanisms Safety Standards Monitoring and verification Storage Regulations Cumulative Affects Injectant Composition Property Management Environmental Impact Site Shutdown Area of Influence Site Rehabilitation GHG Accounting Caprock Composition

  7. Existing Regulations

  8. Drivers of a Regulatory Framework • Climate change policy • Energy infrastructure • Classification of CO2 • Location of sites • Subsurface property rights • Investor desire to make CCS both legal and profitable

  9. Management Through Private Standards • Industry developed, consensus based • ISO, ANSI, ASTM International, IEEE, CSA, USGBC • International in scope • Provide an industry-wide code • Kyoto CDM certifications • Government regulators often give voluntary standards the force of law by citing them in laws, regulations, and codes. • 1995 passage of the National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act (Public Law 104-113) requires government agencies to use privately developed standards whenever it is at all possible

  10. Example to Follow: Natural Gas Transportation Standards • ASTM D2513 - 11e1 “Thermoplastic Gas Pressure Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings” • transformation from a near-exclusive metallic distribution piping network to a near-exclusive thermoplastic piping distribution network • saved US natural gas utilities in excess of $10 Billion in installation and maintenance costs. • U.S. Department of Transportation, Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49, Part 192.281(e) • Rules of the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration • International Plastic Pipes Institute • "Policies and Procedures for Developing Hydrostatic Design Basis (HDB), Strength Design Basis (SDB), Pressure Design Basis (PDB) or Minimum Required Strength (MRS) Ratings for Thermoplastic Piping Materials or Pipe”

  11. Proposed Standards • Risk-based Performance Standards. Regulatory scheme that will tailor project requirements to specific risks posed by a particular project • Transportation: transport as supercritical CO2 by pipelines, less than 5% fugitive emissions, pipeline length governed by the pressure drop equation • Site selection: siting locations following drinking water criteria • Site operations/closure: Reevaluation of the Area of Review every 5 years in order to address concerns about the inherent uncertainties in modeling CO2 movement • Long-term stewardship: monitoring and reporting techniques contingent with clean air criteria

  12. Progress Update • 2013 CSA Standards and IPAC-CO2 comprehensive industry standards • 2011 COP 16 (CMP 6 ) Cancun adopted the decision “Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage in Geological Formations as Clean Development Mechanism Project Activities” • 2010 Environmental Protection Agency Underground Injection Control Regulations • 2008 International Risk Governance Council Report on Regulatory Challenges • 2007 IPCC Report on Carbon Capture and Sequestration • 2006 International Panel on Climate Change Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

  13. Questions?

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