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Stellar obliquities in exoplanetary systems

Stellar obliquities in exoplanetary systems. Massachusetts Institute of Technology . Josh Winn. Simon Albrecht, Roberto Sanchis -Ojeda, Teruyuki Hirano Andrew Howard, John Johnson , Geoff Marcy Bill Cochran, Dan Fabrycky , the Kepler team. obliquity ( n . )

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Stellar obliquities in exoplanetary systems

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  1. Stellar obliquities in exoplanetary systems Massachusetts Institute of Technology Josh Winn • Simon Albrecht, Roberto Sanchis-Ojeda, Teruyuki Hirano • Andrew Howard, John Johnson,Geoff Marcy • Bill Cochran, Dan Fabrycky, the Keplerteam

  2. obliquity (n.) 1 : deviation from parallelism 2 : a deviation from moral rectitude or sound thinking

  3. Eccentricity Jupiter Semimajor axis [AU]

  4. Eccentricity Low obliquity Disk-planet interactions Semimajor axis [AU]

  5. Few-body dynamics High obliquity Tidal dissipation Eccentricity Low obliquity Disk-planet interactions Semimajor axis [AU]

  6. The Sanchis–Nutzman effect

  7. l = 0°

  8. l = 0°

  9. l = 0°

  10. l = 0°

  11. l = 0°

  12. l = 0°

  13. l = 100° l = 0°

  14. l = 100° l = 0°

  15. l = 100° l = 0°

  16. l = 100° l = 0°

  17. l = 100° l = 0° …

  18. l = 100° l = 0° …

  19. l = 100° l = 0° …

  20. l = 100° l = 0° Thestarspot-anomaly pattern reveals the stellar obliquity Sanchis-Ojeda et al. (2011 a,b) Nutzman, Fabrycky, & Fortney (2011) …

  21. Corot-2 Nutzman, Fabrycky, & Fortney (2011)

  22. Corot-2 Observed Calculated (l = 0°) l = 5 ± 12° Nutzman, Fabrycky, & Fortney (2011) — see also Désert et al. (2011)

  23. HAT-P-11 Sanchis-Ojeda & Winn (2011)

  24. Time from midtransit [days] Sanchis-Ojeda & Winn (2011)

  25. Sanchis-Ojeda & Winn (2011)

  26. Sanchis-Ojeda & Winn (2011)

  27. ChristophScheiner(1573-1650)

  28. Flux Time The Rossiter-McLaughlin effect

  29. Doppler shift Time The Rossiter-McLaughlin effect

  30. Doppler shift Time The Rossiter-McLaughlin effect

  31. Doppler shift Time The Rossiter-McLaughlin effect

  32. Doppler shift Time The Rossiter-McLaughlin effect

  33. Doppler shift Time The Rossiter-McLaughlin effect

  34. Measuring the projected obliquity Queloz et al. (2000); Ohta, Taruya, & Suto(2005); Gaudi &Winn (2007)

  35. Low obliquity HD 189733 l = –1.4° ± 1.1° Winn et al. (2006); see also Triaud et al. (2009)

  36. Moderate obliquity XO-3 l = 37.3° ± 3.0° Hirano et al. (2011); see also Hébrard et al. (2008), Winn et al. (2009)

  37. High obliquity (retrograde) Winn et al. (2009) Narita et al. (2009) Triaud et al. (2010)

  38. Valenti & Fischer (2005) Pinsonneault et al. (2001)

  39. (Zahn 1977)

  40. Problem: Orbit decays on same timescale as realignment

  41. Solution: Realign only the convective zone?

  42. Reality

  43. Constant-Q model

  44. Different Q’s for realignment and orbital decay (D. Lai, in preparation)

  45. KOI-63 1.0 M , 1.0 R P = 9.4 days Rp = 6.5 R

  46. Prot = 5.4 days ≈ (4/7) Porb

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