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the progressive era

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the progressive era

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    1. The Progressive Era

    3. Theodore Roosevelt – the president no one wanted. 1900 - Ohio politician tells the Republican party not to nominate Roosevelt as VP candidate. Roosevelt had upset Republican bosses in NY who wanted him out, so Thomas Platt pushed for the nomination

    4. Theodore Roosevelt Sickly as a child. Elected to NY state legislature at 23 1884 his mother and wife died on the same day. Left NY to “become a cowboy” Came back and became police commissioner Eventually became Secretary of the Navy

    5. TR’s second political life Resigned to fight in the Spanish American War Returned from war and elected governor of NY

    6. TR – Man of contradictions from one of the nation's wealthiest families the first president born in a city a warlike man attacked business as "malefactors of great wealth.“ one of the greatest conservationists won the Nobel Peace Prize.

    7. Progressivism Dominated US politics in one form or another from 1901-1980. The notion that government can be an instrument of reform. Government should act as an activist entity – the complete opposite of laissez faire.

    8. Progressive “Agenda” Graduated income tax. Inheritance tax. National banking system. Government regulatory system commissions of experts to ensure fairness, purity of products.

    9. Government is to play a vital role in the American Dream Relevance in education. Health and sexual education Vocational training Move away from memorization Increased literacy African American literacy increased from 43% to 77%. Public health Fights against diseases like hookworm, ringworm and diphtheria. Increased pasteurization of milk. Urban progressives Public parks Museums Water and sewer systems Elimination of “red-light” district.

    10. Social reforms and social interaction Advocated “welfare capitalism” Old-age pensions Public works programs In art created works that emphasized abstract and modern In history, scholars emphasized conflict and dissonance. A new vocabulary: “feminist,” “social worker,” “social science,” “human rights,” “conservation.”

    11. The law of unintended consequences Progressivism is driven by college educated, upper-middle class values. Elimination of red-light districts. Prostitution organized in a whole different way. Elimination of red-light districts leads to “street walker.” Control shifts from women to men. Increase in corruption and payoffs

    12. City elections Urban politics deeply corrupt Institution of city managers in place of mayors. Institution of at-large elections. Politicians now have to run city-wide rather than in neighborhoods, and this requires access to money.

    13. Sanitary Meat and Meat Inspection The Jungle by Upton Sinclair Congress passes Sanitary Meat Act in 1906. Europe boycotted US meat – SMA applied only to meat for export. Meat packing companies asked that the companies themselves pay for inspections. Only the larger companies could afford it – so regulation eliminated the smaller companies.

    14. Why did Progressivism arise? Partly accident – McKinley’s assassination. Muckrakers – investigative journalism that looked into everything. Social gospel – religious idealism inspired many to apply religious principles to social problems.

    15. Period of ferment Margaret Sanger – 1916 opened nation’s first birth control clinic. Jailed because of the Comstock Act. Eventually fled to Europe Margaret Sanger almost single-handedly out birth control into the public debate

    16. W.E.B. DuBois Wrote the key work in how historians interpret the era called Reconstruction. Through the 1930s – accepted version of Reconstruction was: Slaves get vote Corruption reigns as blacks “take over.” “Courageous” whites retake control and eliminate corruption. DuBois demolished EVERY one of these notions and demonstrated how brutally African Americas were repressed in the aftermath of the Civil War.

    17. Labor Unions Roosevelt intervened on the side of labor – something no president ever had done. 1905 International Workers of the World gained membership favored worker control of factories American Socialist Party Routinely garnered 1 million+ votes in national elections. Newspaper circulation of 200,000. 120 elected officials, including several mayors.

    18. Woodrow Wilson Elected in 1912 1st president to personally address congress since John Adams. Moralistic in politics After Mexico began revolution in 1913, he said “we will teach Latin Americans to elect good men.” Invaded Tampico and Vera Cruz to help oppose the Mexican government. Authorized US army to cross Mexican border repeatedly in 1916 to try to apprehend Francisco “Pancho” Villa.

    19. The Birth of A Nation

    20. Progressive Agenda passed under Wilson Lower tariffs and progressive income tax Federal Trade Commission Clayton Anti-trust Act Federal Reserve system Workers compensation established Four constitutional amendments 16th – permitted income tax 17th – direct election of senators 18th – prohibition of alcohol 19th – gave women the right to vote.

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