Building Control and the Commonwealth Games 2002

1. Building Control and the Commonwealth Games 2002 Presentation by Bill Challenger MRICS MBEng and Rodney Burrows MBEng Manchester City Council Building Control

2. Presentation - Key Objectives • To show the contribution Building Control made to the delivery of a safe and successful Commonwealth Games • To highlight the knowledge and skills necessary to secure public safety at major sporting and entertainment events • To identify the main lessons learnt from the experience Manchester City Council Building Control

3. Introduction • The City of Manchester was chosen to stage the 17th Commonwealth Games in 1995 • Building Control would play an active role in the delivery of the new venues/facilities needed • Building Control’s Licensing and Public Safety Group would play a lead role in securing effective safety management arrangements at all venues • A multi-disciplined Building Control team would ensure seamless service delivery from the early planning stage to final delivery of the event Manchester City Council Building Control

4. The Games • Largest Multi-Sport event held in the UK • First fully integrated games for elite athletes with disabilities • 19 Different Sports • 17 Sports Venues • 27 Non Sporting Venues • 17 live entertainment sites throughout the city Manchester City Council Building Control

5. The New Venues • 1 Athletics Stadium Capacity 38000 • 3 Indoor Sports Venues (Table Tennis, Swimming & Squash) • 2 International Outdoor Sports Venues (Bowling & Hockey) • 400 metre warm up track • 4 Venues for outdoor events & road races • Athletes Games Village upgrading of University Campus Manchester City Council Building Control

6. The Existing Venues • MEN Indoor Arena (max capacity 21,000 spectators) • Velodrome (max capacity 5,400 spectators) • G-Mex (max capacity 10,400 spectators) • Manchester International Conference Centre (800) • Bolton Arena (max capacity 6,500 spectators) • Wythenshawe Forum (Max capacity 2,200 spectators) Manchester City Council Building Control

7. Temporary Structures • 31,000 Temporary seats installed across all venues, the largest in the stadium seating 14,300 • 187 Marquees erected, the largest had a capacity 2500 Manchester City Council Building Control

8. The People • Manchester 2002 (the event production organisation) employed over 500 people • Over 2000 stewards and volunteers • Around 4,700 athletes, 2750 officials and • 2500 Journalists and TV reporters from around the world Manchester City Council Building Control

9. Sport Venues Fitout Transport Protocol Security and Stewarding Marketing and Hospitality Press and Media Television Host Broadcaster Opening and Closing Ceremonies Look The 2002 Event Production Organisation Manchester City Council Building Control

10. Impact on the City • 980,000 paying spectators watched the games • Estimated 1.6 million spectators overall • Estimated T.V. audience of 1.5 billion • Watched in 67 Countries • Visits by the Royal Family and 60 Heads of State from around the world • 2 large viewing screens erected in the city • Live entertainment sites active throughout the city for the duration of the games Manchester City Council Building Control

11. Building Control Responsibilities • To ensure that all the key components necessary to secure public safety at major sporting and entertainment events would be in place • Other responsibilities as a result of the games being promoted by the City Council • The key components – what are they and how do you secure the safety of visitors to the games? Manchester City Council Building Control

12. Its Not Rocket Science? • The Greeks and the Romans first promoted games as entertainment for the masses • The coliseum AD 80 Manchester City Council Building Control

13. Safety in Public Entertainment Whether in Rome in 80 AD; in Manchester 2002 or London in 2012 safety in public entertainment relies on the same basic needs : - • A competent event production organisation with the necessary commitment and resources to deliver a safe event • Safe facilities and the surrounding built environment • Effective safety management, planning & control Manchester City Council Building Control

14. The Task for Building Control • To ensure the new facilities met standards required by the Building Regulations, licensing and sports grounds legislation and associated guidance • Assess the suitability of temporary structures and adaptations made to all facilities • To ensure there would be a competent and effective safety management operation at all venues • To contribute to the safety management planning for the games, the opening and closing ceremonies and the numerous events and festivals to be held in the city in the run up to the games Manchester City Council Building Control

15. Facilities • The design of the facilities and Building Regulation approvals should take account of the permanent use of the building. • The event is onlyfor a short period of time in the life of the building • Conflict may occur with the temporary fit-out for the games and the life safety systems required for building regulations approval. • Close working relationships have to be in place with Building Control Officers and officers responsible for Safety at Sports Grounds legislation Manchester City Council Building Control

16. The Challenge of the Games • Local Authority Promoted Event • New event production organisation • New stadium and other facilities • New safety management organisation • Financial Constraints • Effect of September 11th on security • Absolute Deadline – Failure not an Option Manchester City Council Building Control

17. Meeting the Challenge • Success would depended upon : - • Engaging a professional management organisation for the stadium and meeting the criteria for certification (P&S factors) • Securing adequate resources to ensure all completion certificates can be issued • Effective multi-agency teamwork • Everyone meeting tight deadlines for construction and event planning activities, full and detailed records kept of all meetings. Manchester City Council Building Control

18. Organisational structure Roles & responsibilities Qualifications / Experience Paths of communication (internal & external) Risk assessments Safety management plans Contingency planning Staff training Desk top exercises Documentation Event operational plans Audience profile Arrival profile (peak flow) Event day communications Briefings / Debriefs Control room operations Pre & Post event checks Incident management Security and Stewarding Traffic management Records Safety Management Assessment CriteriaThe S Factor Manchester City Council Building Control

19. Venue Assessment Criteria The P Factor • Construction standards • Fire safety • Life safety systems • Ingress, egress & circulation • Arrival / departure profiles • Entry capacity • Temporary structures • Facilities for peoples needs • Seating arrangements • Disabled access • Emergency Services Access • Waste management • First aid & medical provision • Transportation Manchester City Council Building Control

20. Design & Construction Crowd dynamics modelling Ramps Fire Engineering Dynamic response Disabled access Emergency power Commissioning Certification Designation ‘P factor’ assessment Consultation Safety Advisory Group Safety Management Test Events Documentation Advertisement The Stadium & Sports City Manchester City Council Building Control

21. Test Events • Strategy • 4 events progressive increase in capacities • Planned and unplanned incidents • Competency assessment • Various criteria established inc: - • Event operational plans • Briefing & debrief process • Stadium opening procedure • Pre & post event checks • Incident response • Stewards competency • Records and audit trails Manchester City Council Building Control

22. The Mag & Bag Security Operation • Full body and bag search • Flow rates • Equipment and Trained operators • 68 Lanes – Arrival profile • Crowd Changeovers Manchester City Council Building Control

23. Temporary Structures • Plans & specifications • Structural details • Electrical installations • Inspections Manchester City Council Building Control

24. Road Events • Linear Routes • Risk assessments • Crowd estimates • Crowd management • Crowd barriers • Crush Barriers • Access for Emergency Services • Communications Manchester City Council Building Control

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30. Main Lessons • Early involvement of Building Control in design and planning activity • Integration of Building Regulations & Licensing activity • Joined up working by all stakeholders (teamwork) • Fast track process for decision making involving relevant parts of the organisation and other agencies and authorities • Planning deadlines for completion of facilities and grant of licenses and certificates • Timely appointments of safety management organisation • Records of meetings and agreement from the earliest stage Manchester City Council Building Control

31. And Finally • The Commonwealth Games may have been a unique experience for Building Control but a systematic approach to safety management at major entertainment events follows fundamental principles which when rigorously applied minimise the possibility of crowd disasters occurring • Congratulations to London in winning the bid to stage the Olympic Games in 2012 Manchester City Council Building Control