1 / 41

African Colonial History

African Colonial History. KEY TO UNDERSTANDING AFRICAN UNDERDEVELOPMENT ORIGINS AND MYTHS. Colonial Motives. Economic Interpretation- raw materials, minerals and agricultural products Missionary Influence and abolitionism (Divide Religiously) Pseudo-Scientific Racism European Rivalries

omer
Download Presentation

African Colonial History

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. African Colonial History • KEY TO UNDERSTANDING AFRICAN UNDERDEVELOPMENT • ORIGINS AND MYTHS

  2. Colonial Motives • Economic Interpretation- raw materials, minerals and agricultural products • Missionary Influence and abolitionism (Divide Religiously) • Pseudo-Scientific Racism • European Rivalries • Cultural Imperialism and Racism

  3. Theme “We have the Maxim Gun, They Have None” Hillaire Blazac

  4. Issue: The Crusher “Bula Matari came to represent [the] alien authority…” Crawford Young describes Henry Morton Stanley

  5. Further Reading • Joseph Conrad, Heart of Darkness • Later film, Apocalypse Now by Francis Ford Coppola • Adam Hochschild, King Leopold’s Ghost

  6. The Scramble for Africa • Triangular Trade to 1800 • Legitimate Trade and Spheres of Influence • Spheres of Influence (the China Model) • The Role of the Trading Companies • German East African Company • French West African Trading Company • British East and British South African Companies

  7. The Scramble for Africa • France, Germany and European Rivalries • Belgium, King Leopold and the “Congo Free State” • Congresses of Berlin: 1878 and 1884-85

  8. Origins of Colonialism: 1890-1914 • West Africa: French vs. British and Assimilation vs. Indirect Rule • From Company Rule to Indirect Rule • Smaller Powers • East Africa: Settlers and Imperialism • German Authoritarianism, • White Highlands • British East Africa Company

  9. Origins of ColonialismCentral and Southern Africa • Jan van Riebeck and the Cape- 1652 • Britain- Cape Colony: 1815 • Cecil John Rhodes: British South Africa Company • The Rhodesias and Nyasaland- Company Rule to 1923 • From Federation to UDI

  10. Styles of Colonialism- Tactics and Methods • Force, Trickery, sub-imperialism (client kingdoms) and Authoritarian Prefectoralism • Carl Peters and his Bags full of Treaties • Sir Samuel Baker and his Hungarian Wife Stimulate alliances and rivalries among different ethnic and religious groups • Use of Indigenous Forces: Create African Armies • Use puppet rulers, appoint chiefs in “stateless systems, use District Commissioners (Prefects)

  11. Patterns of Colonial Rule • Parallel Rule vs. Indirect Rule- Britain • Assimilation- France Portugal and France • Federations vs. Fragmentation- Francophone vs. East Africa • Special Role of Settler Colonies

  12. Discussion “Do Things Fall Apart in Africa After 1870?

  13. The Colonial Administrative State • Integration- Algeria and Lusophone • Overseas territories and provinces- France • Colonial Office and the Overseas Governor • Cultural Sub-Nationalism: Buganda, Ashanti and South Africa

  14. British Colonialism Sir Frederick Lugard, The Dual Mandate in British Tropical Africa (London: 1922).

  15. Types of Territories • Without European Settlers- Nkrumah and the Mosquito • Nigeria, Ghana, Sierra Leone • Without European Settlers- Protectorates • Uganda, Zanzibar, Nyasaland • With European Settlers (No Home rule) • Kenya, Tanzania, Northern Rhodesia • With European Settlers (Home rule) • Rhodesia, South Africa, South West Africa (after 1920)

  16. Colonial Processes • Oxbridge Generalists • Major Ralph Furse and Gentlemen Administrators • LEGCO, EXECO and Unofficial Advisors (Europeans, Arabs and Indians, and Late a few Africans) • “Multi-racialism” vs. Ornamentalism

  17. British Colonial Structures

  18. Structure of British Colonialism

  19. Colonial Administration

  20. Colonial Administration

  21. Colonial Administration

  22. “Tribal” Administration

  23. Colonial Structures-1956

  24. Traditional GovernmentTwo StructuresNational Systems

  25. Imperial Systems

  26. Parallel Rule • The External Protectorate • Soldiers, Missionaries and Police • Settlers: Eastern and Southern Africa

  27. Origins of Indirect Rule INDIRECT RULE THEORISTS • Lord Lugard and Northern Nigeria • Theophilus Shepstone in Natal • Sir Donald Cameroon in Tanganyika

  28. "Tribal Administration“and Indirect Rule • Traditional vs. “Tribal” Rule • Modification of Parallel or Dual Rule • Goal: Legal/Rational Model • Modification of Tradition • Training of tribal administrator

  29. Indirect Rule System

  30. French Colonialism • Meaning of Assimilation • Direct Rule • Use of Traditional Authorities as French Administrators • Replacement of Traditional Authorities by Soldiers • In Practice Assimilation was Association • British and French administrative Practice not that different in rural Africa

  31. French Colonialism • The Concept of Permanent Association • Goal a French Language Union (Political Economic and Social) • Paris and A Single, highly centralized system- World Wide • Facade of Direct Rule

  32. French Colonial Structures France Overseas: Indochina, Caribbean North Africa: Tunisia, Morocco, the Department of Algeria L’Afrique Occidentale Francaise (AOF) L’Afrique Equitoriale Francaise (AEF) The Mandates: Togo, Cameroons

  33. French Colonial Structures

  34. French Colonial Structures

  35. French Colonial Structures

  36. French Decolonization • The Concept of the French Union • France and World War II: French Africa and Vichy • Socialist Governments and Socialist Empires • Collapse of Federation, the Loi Cadre of 1956 • DeGaulle and the 1958 Referendum

  37. SMALLER COLONIAL POWERS • Germany: Lost Colonies: German East Africa, German South West Africa, Cameroons and Togo • Belgium: Monarch’s Private Property (Congo Free State) Rwanda, Burundi- Primary Education, Church, Mineral Extraction • Portugal: Post-Revolutionary States. Four Centuries of Neglect, Massive Amounts of Settlers Post-WWI and WWII-Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, Cape Verde

  38. SMALLER COLONIAL POWERS • Italy: National Grandeur, Battle of Adowa, Mussolini- Italian Somaliland, Eritrea, Libya, Ethiopia (1937-1940) • Spain: Colonial Remnants of Slave Trade- Spanish Morocco, Spanish Sahara, Spanish Equatorial Guinea • Holland: From Cape Colony to Dutch Republics Orange Free State, Transvaal, French Protestants, Germans-South Africa (Apartheid)

  39. Themes of Colonial Rule • Psychological Dependence and Revolution • Racial animosity and “love-hate” cultural links (Indians, Arabs, Europeans) • Absence of Core State • Nationalism as a Product of Colonialism • Gender, Race and Class debates

  40. Discussion Similarities and Differences: • Richard Rive • Chinua Achebe • Crawford Young

  41. NEXT WEEK “Seek ye first the political kingdom, all else will follow” Kwame Nkrumah

More Related