1 / 28

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. FUNCTION. TO MOVE AIR IN AND OUT OF THE LUNGS EXCHANGE OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE BETWEEN THE AIR AND THE BLOOD. DIVISIONS. UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT – THE PART OUTSIDE THE CHEST CAVITY INCLUDES NOSE, NASAL CAVITIES, PHARYNX, LARYNX, AND UPPER TRACHEA

olga-marsh
Download Presentation

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

  2. FUNCTION • TO MOVE AIR IN AND OUT OF THE LUNGS • EXCHANGE OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE BETWEEN THE AIR AND THE BLOOD

  3. DIVISIONS • UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT – THE PART OUTSIDE THE CHEST CAVITY • INCLUDES NOSE, NASAL CAVITIES, PHARYNX, LARYNX, AND UPPER TRACHEA • LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT – THE PART INSIDE THE CHEST CAVITY • INCLUDES LOWER TRACHEA, LUNGS, BRONCHIAL TUBES, AND ALVEOLI

  4. NOSE AND NASAL CAVITIES • AIR ENTERS AND LEAVES THE NOSE • WARMS THE AIR • CONTAINS MUCOUS • HAIRS BLOCK THE ENTRY OF DUST • OLFACTORY RECEPTORS FOR SMELL

  5. PHARYNX – 3 PARTS • NASOPHARYNX – UPPERMOST PORTION BEHIND THE NASAL CAVITIES • ALLOWS PASSAGE OF AIR • OROPHARYNX – BEHIND THE MOUTH • LARYNGOPHARYNX – INFERIOR PORTION • ORO- AND LARYNGOPHARYNX ALLOW THE PASSAGE OF AIR AND FOOD

  6. LARYNX • AKA VOICE BOX • FUNCTIONS IN SPEAKING AND THE AIR PASSAGEWAY BETWEEN THE PHARYNX AND TRACHEA • MADE OF CARTILAGE THAT IS FIRM TO KEEP AIRWAY OPEN YET IT IS FLEXIBLE • THE LARGEST CARTILAGE IS THE THYROID CARTILAGE

  7. EPIGLOTTIS - THE UPPERMOST CARTILAGE • IT CLOSES OVER THE TOP TO PREVENT THE ENTRY OF FOOD IN TO THE LARYNX • MUCOSA IS MADE OF CILIATED EPITHELIUM TO REMOVE DUST AND MUCOUS • VOCALS CORDS ARE ON EITHER SIDE OF THE GLOTTIS

  8. TRACHEA • APPROXIMATELY 4-5 INCHES LONG • EXTENDS FROM LARYNX TO THE PRIMARY BRONCHI • MADE OF CARTILAGE THAT CONSISTS OF CILIATED EPITHELIUM • DIVIDES IN TO RIGHT AND LEFT PRIMARY BRONCHI

  9. BRONCHI • RIGHT AND LEFT PRIMARY BRONCHI • LEADS TO SECONDARY BRONCHI • LEADS TO BRONCHIAL TREES • BRANCHES FURTHER IN TO BRONCHIOLES TO THE ALVEOLI

  10. LUNGS • RIGHT LUNG HAS 3 LOBES • LEFT LUNG HAS 2 LOBES • PROTECTED BY RIBS • BASE OF EACH LUNG RESTS ON THE DIAPHRAGM AND THE APEX IS AT THE CLAVICLE • INDENTATION ON THE MEDIAL SIDE OF LUNGS IS THE HILUS WHERE PRIMARY BRONCHUS AND ARTERIES/VEINS ENTER THE LUNG

  11. PLEURA • PARIETAL PLEURA LINES THE CHEST WALL • VISCERAL PLEURA LIES ON THE SURFACE OF THE LUNGS • SEROUS FLUID BETWEEN THE MEMBRANES PREVENTS FRICTION

  12. ALVEOLI • FUNCTIONAL UNIT OF THE LUNGS • MADE OF SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM • ELASTIC CONNECTIVE TISSUE BETWEEN CLUSTER OF ALVEOLI WHICH IS IMPORTANT FOR EXHALATION • DIFFUSION OCCURS BETWEEN ALVEOLI AND BLOOD VESSELS • MACROPHAGES ARE IN THE ALVEOLI • PULMONARY SURFACTANT DECREASES SURFACE TENSION AND PERMITS INHALATION

  13. MECHANISM OF BREATHING • VENTILATION – MOVEMENT OF AIR TO AND FROM ALVEOLI • RESPIRATORY CENTERS – MEDULLA (ALSO FOR COUGHING AND SNEEZING) AND PONS (2 BREATHING CENTERS) • PHRENIC NERVE ACTIVATED FROM THE MEDULLA TO CONTRACT AND RELAX THE RESPIRATORY MUSCLES

  14. RESPIRATORY MUSCLES • DIAPHRAGM – MOVES DOWN DURING INHALATION AND UP DURING EXHALATION. MADE OF SKELETAL MUSCLE. • EXTERNAL INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES – PULL THE RIBS UPWARD AND OUTWARD DURING INHALATION • INTERNAL INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES – PULL THE RIBS DOWNWARD AND INWARD DURING EXHALATION

  15. RESPIRATION • INHALATION IS AN ACTIVE PROCESS LASTING 1-2 SECONDS • EXHALATION IS A PASSIVE PROCESS LASTING 2-3 SECONDS • NORMAL RESPIRATIONS ARE 8-12/MIN

  16. RESPIRATION • EXTERNAL RESPIRATION - INVOLVES THE EXCHANGE OF GASES BETWEEN THE ALVEOLI AND THE PULMONARY CAPILLARIES (EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT) • INTERNAL RESPIRATION – INVOLVES THE EXCHANGE OF GASES BETWEEN THE BLOOD IN THE SYSTEMIC CAPILLARIES AND THE TISSUES

  17. DID YOU KNOW… • WE INHALE APPROX 21% OXYGEN AND 0.04% CARBON DIOXIDE • WE EXHALE APPROX 16% OXYGEN AND 4.5% CARBON DIOXIDE

  18. TRANSPORT OF GASES • MOST OXYGEN IS CARRIED IN THE BLOOD BONDED TO Hgb • IRON IS NECESSARY • GAS EXCHANGE IS CARRIED OUT BY DIFFUSION

  19. PULMONARY VOLUMES • TV – TIDAL VOLUME – AMOUNT OF AIR IN 1 NORMAL INHALATION/EXHALATION (500mL) • MRV – MINUTE RESPIRATORY VOLUME – AMOUNT OF AIR INHALED AND EXHALED IN 1 MINUTE TV x R = MRV (6000 mL or 6 L)

  20. PULMONARY VOLUMES • IR – INSPIRATORY RESERVE – AMOUNT OF AIR, BEYOND THE TV, THAT CAN BE TAKEN IN WITH THE DEEPEST POSSIBLE INHALATION (2000-3000mL) • ER – EXPIRATORY RESERVE – AMOUNT OF AIR, BEYOND THE TV, THAT CAN BE EXPELLED WITH THE MOST FORCEFUL EXPIRATION (1000-1500 mL)

  21. PULMONARY VOLUMES • VC – VITAL CAPACITY – THE SUM OF THE TV, IR, AND ER (3500-5000 mL) • RESIDUAL AIR – THE AMOUNT OF AIR THAT REMAINS IN THE LUNGS AFTER THE MOST FORCEFUL EXHALATION (1000-1500mL) • VOLUMES ARE DETERMINED WITH A SPIROMETER THAT MEASURE THE MOVEMENT OF AIR

More Related