Chapter 12 Renaissance and Reformation Section 1 The Renaissance

1. Chapter 12 Renaissance and ReformationSection 1 The Renaissance

2. Learning ObjectivesThe students will be able to: • List three characteristics of the Renaissance • Characterize the city-states which were centers of political, economic, and social life in Renaissance Italy.

3. What was the Renaissance? What was the Renaissance, and where did it begin? • Italy • Italian Cities • Urban Societies • Major Trading Centers • Secular • Moved away from life in the church • Focuses more on material objects and enjoying life

4. 1300-1600 Renaissance = Rebirth of art and learning

5. The Renaissance was a time of renewal Renaissance means rebirth and Europe was recovering from the Dark ages and the plague. People had lost their faith in the church and began to put more focus on human beings.

6. Laocoon Renewal of interest in Greco-Roman heritage

7. Italian States • Began in Northern Italy

8. Three important characteristics of the Renaissance

9. 1.Wealthy Urban Centers (City-States) with a secular outlook on life = possibility to enjoy material things

10. How did the Crusades contribute to the Renaissance? • Increased demand for Middle Eastern products • Stimulated production of goods to trade in Middle Eastern markets • Encouraged the use of credit and banking • Church rule against usury and the banks’ practice of charging interest helped to secularize northern Italy. • Letters of credit served to expand the supply of money and expedite trade. • New accounting and bookkeeping practices (use of Arabic numerals) were introduced.

11. Secularism:Focus on good living, worldly concerns

12. 2. Recovery from disaster & a rebirth of interest in ancient culture

13. 3. A new view of human beings with regard to ability & individual worth

14. Renaissance Man: Benozzo Gozzoli 1420 Skilled in many areas: Well educated Witty Artistic Athletic http://www.kfki.hu/~arthp/index1.html

15. http://www.kfki.hu/~arthp/index1.html Renaissance Woman: • Beautiful • Charming • Educated: but not ambitious • even less politically active than Medieval women

16. Leonardo da VinciRenaissance Man painter, sculptor, architect, inventor, & mathematician

17. Three Italian City-States played an important role in Italian politics

18. Italian States

19. Milan • Located at the crossroads of trade routes = rich & powerful • Visconti family was in power until 1447 • Francesco Sforza conquered the city Francesco Sforza

20. Venice • Republic with an elected leader called a Doge • Truly ruled by a small group of wealthy merchant-aristocrats.

21. Florence • Major city of the Renaissance in northern Italy • Controlled by the Medici Family

22. Cosimo de Medici • Controlled Florence behind scenes for 30 years • Inherited his money and business from his father • Used his wealth to control votes in the city • People became angry because of this • Ran him out of the city • All the money went with him! • Begged to have him back! • Brought peace to northern Italy • Patron of the arts • Spent a fortune on sponsoring artists http://sgwww.epfl.ch/berger/Jardin-noframe/cosme-eleonore_english.html

23. Lorenzo de MediciCosimo’s grandson

24. Girolamo Savonarola • A Dominican preacher who condemns the corruption and excesses of the Medici Family • Takes control of Florence • Regulates gambling, horseracing, swearing, painting, music, & books

25. Italy failed to become united during the Ages. Many independent city-states emerged in northern and central Italy that played an important role in Italian politics and art. Major Italian Cities Milan One of the richest cities, it controls trade through the Alps. Venice Milan Venice Sitting on the Adriatic, it attracts trade from all over the world. Genoa Florence Florence Controlled by the De Medici Family, who became great patrons of the arts. Adriatic Sea Genoa Had Access to Trade Routes Tyrrhenian Sea All of these cities: Had access to trade routes connecting Europe with Middle Eastern markets • Served as trading centers for the distribution of goods to northern Europe • Were initially independent city-states governed as republics

26. NiccoloMachiavelli and the New Statecraft

27. Political Ideas of the Renaissance Niccolò Machiavelli The Prince Machiavelli believed: “One can make this generalization about men: they are ungrateful, fickle, liars, and deceivers, they shun danger and are greedy for profit” Machiavelli observed city-state rulers of his day and produced guidelines for the acquisition and maintenance of power by absolute rule. He felt that a ruler should be willing to do anything to maintain control without worrying about conscience.

28. Better for a ruler to be feared than to be loved • Ruler should be quick and decisive in decision making • Ruler keeps power by any means necessary • The end justifies the means • Be good when possible, and evil when necessary

29. The Prince • How to get and keep political power • Abandoned morality as the basis for analyzing political power • “the end justifies the means” • For the sake of the state, a prince must be willing to let his conscience sleep

30. Renaissance Society

31. Nobles • Ideals of the nobles written in The Book of the Courtier • Noble born, not made • must gain a classical education and be a warrior • Show achievements with grace

32. Peasants & Townspeople • Peasants: • 85-90% of the total population • End of Serfdom • Townspeople: • Patricians (wealthy merchants ) • Burghers (shopkeepers & masters) • Workers

33. Family & Marriage • Arranged marriages – to strengthen family ties • Dowry – money given by the wife’s family to the husband upon marriage • Father-husband was the center of the family • Authority was absolute till he died or freed his children