1 / 42

Renaissance/Reformation

Renaissance/Reformation. Chapter 13. Renaissance. Renaissance means – “Rebirth” It was a time of change in Politics , Social Structure , Economics , and Culture . Changed from an agricultural society to an Urban Society It was a study of Roman and Greek cultures.

Download Presentation

Renaissance/Reformation

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Renaissance/Reformation Chapter 13

  2. Renaissance • Renaissance means – “Rebirth” • It was a time of change in Politics, Social Structure, Economics, and Culture. • Changed from an agricultural society to an Urban Society • It was a study of Roman and Greek cultures.

  3. Renaissance Attitudes • live life on earth fully • develop individual talent • public service and politics

  4. Humanism • an intellectual movement that studied the ancient Greeks and Romans in an effort to better understand their own times • Spiritual  Secular • Humanities- grammar, rhetoric, poetry, & history

  5. Reasons for Italian Renaissance • Past greatness of Rome • Money from trade and rising middle class

  6. Major Cities • Florence- richest Bankers and Merchants • Patron- financial supporter • (e.g. The Medici Family, Lorenzo in particular) • Venice – Trade • Milan – Textiles

  7. Art • Humanistic Reflection • Combination of religious and secular • Reflections of individualism and public service • Perspective – depth added to art • Use of shading • New oil paints • Study of human anatomy

  8. Leonardo da Vinci “Renaissance Man” -Anatomy, Engineering, Painting, Scuplture, Botany, Optics, Music Works: Mona Lisa, The Last Supper

  9. Michelangelo Buonarroti • Most well-known, “the greatest” • Sculptor, engineer, painter, architect, poet • Works: • David, Pieta, Sistine Chapel

  10. Raphael • Mastered the use of PERSPECTIVE!!!! • Known Work: School of Athens

  11. Donatello • Known for his use of Balance and Proportion • Taught Michelangelo

  12. Literature • Honoring the history of Rome and Greece • Criticizing the Middle ages and current government • Baldassare Castiglione • The Book of the Courtier • How a member of a court should live! • Niccolo Machiavelli • The Prince • How one should gain and maintain power

  13. Printing Revolution • Printing Press: Gutenberg • first Book?? printed with movable type • prior: Handwritten books advantages: • more books are published • higher supply of books leads to lower price • lower price allows more people to read • more communication of ideas results from more reading

  14. Art in N. Renaissance • Flanders  France, Belgium, and Netherlands • Major area of Renaissance art • Albrecht Drurer: studied in Italy • German artist • Applied ideas of art to engravings • Engraving: etching • Perfected by Drurer

  15. Literature • Vernacular: everyday language • Desiderius Erasmus: • The Praise of the Folly • Greek Bible • Sir Thomas More • Utopia • William Shakespeare • Poet and playwright • 37 plays still performed today

  16. Reformation • Spiritual Break-down of the Christian Church • Catalyzed by ideas of the Renaissance and the invention of the Printing Press • Led to the current Christian demographics

  17. Church Abuses • Pope as military commander? • Lavish lives of the Clergy • Marriage of the Clergy • Selling of Indulgences • Indulgences: payment to get soul out of purgatory

  18. Early Revolts • John Wycliffe used sermons and writings to attack the church in 1300s • Martin Luther • Primary catalyst of the Reformation • German Monk and Professor • Writes the 95 Theses and nails to door in Wittenberg • Set off by Johann Tetzel selling indulgences and promising entry to heaven

  19. Results of the 95 Theses • No intention of starting the Reformation • Printing Revolution lights a fire storm • Church asked Luther to recant, he refused • Luther urged people to reject the authority of Rome • Luther was excommunicated in 1521 by Pope Leo X

  20. Summoning • Luther summoned to Diet of Worms by Charles V • Asked to recant a second time, refused again • Charles declared Luther an outlaw

  21. Luther’s Teachings • All have equal access to the Bible • Schools est., vernacular translation • Banned indulgences, confession, pilgrimages, and prayers to saints • Simplified the sermon • Allowed clergy to marry

  22. Why were Luther’s Teachings supported by the Germans? • Gain authority over the church • Gain church property for selfish reasons • National loyalty • German money should stay in German lands

  23. Peasant Revolt • Peasants rise up for social and economic equality • Luther denounces and supports political authority and social order

  24. The Peace of Augsburg • 1555 • Princes get the choice of religion

  25. Swiss Reformation • Ulrich Zwingli • Priest in Zurich • Stressed importance of bible, reject elaborate rituals • John Calvin • Major contributor to the Reformation • Published a book on how to set up and run a church as well as his beliefs that should be the basis of that church

  26. John Calvin cont. • Preached PREDESTINATION • Everything is already decided • Sinners/saints • Geneva asks Calvin to lead the community • Est. theocracy • Harsh punishments for basic activities of dancing, laughing in church, ect. • Helped set off bloody wars

  27. Religious Development • Sect: religious groups • variations of the teachings of Luther, Calvin, and Zwingli • Anabaptists: reject infantile baptism • Today: Baptists, Mennonites, and Amish

  28. English Reformation • Henry VIII- king of England • Henry + Catherine of Aragon = Mary Tudor • Anne Boleyn - served Catherine • Annulment declined because Charles V was the nephew of Catherine

  29. Henry’s Take Over • Act of Supremacy passed – King is head of Church • Many executed: Thomas More • Canonized: recognized as a saint • Henry merely changed the name of the Church • Thomas Cramer appointed to be bishop of the new Church

  30. The Tudors • Died in 1547: 9yr old Edward VI took throne • Continued Protestantism • Book of Common Prayer • Mary Tudor ‘Bloody Mary’ took over • Tried returning to Catholicism • Was killed in protest • Elizabeth slowly returns to Protestantism • Compromise: acceptable middle ground

  31. The Catholic Reformation • Reformation or Counter-Reformation? • Council of Trent- est. schools, end corruption, faith and works = salvation, Bible is not the only source of religious truth • Reaffirmed the inquisition • Index of Forbidden Books

  32. People of the Catholic Reformation • Ignatius of Loyola – Spanish knight • Society of Jesus – Jesuits • Missionaries, schools, strict discipline to the church • Teresa of Avila – entered convent very young • Not strict enough • Set up own order • Life of isolation, eating and sleeping very little • Canonized by the church

  33. Widespread Persecution • Witch hunts • Jews forced to live in ghettoes • Jews were forced to move and temples were burned

More Related