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Chapter 1

Chapter 1. The Science of Biology. What is Science? What is its purpose?. To investigate questions To support or refute a theory To gain knowledge . The Scientific Method!. State the Question Form a Hypothesis Conduct an Experiment Collect Data Draw A Conclusion.

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Chapter 1

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  1. Chapter 1 The Science of Biology

  2. What is Science? What is its purpose? • To investigate questions • To support or refute a theory • To gain knowledge

  3. The Scientific Method! • State the Question • Form a Hypothesis • Conduct an Experiment • Collect Data • Draw A Conclusion

  4. Qualitative vs. Quantitative Qualitative Quantitative • Describes data using words • Quality • Ex. There are many red cars in the parking lot • Describes data with numbers • Quantity • Ex. There are 14 cars in the parking lot

  5. Designing an Experiment • How many variables are in a typical experiment? • How many variables can be tested at one time?

  6. The main parts of an experiment • Independent Variable (manipulated) • Dependent Variable (responding/result) • Control

  7. Determine the variables in the experiment A botanist is studying the affect of fertilizer on pea plants. She test 5 plants. She adds 6 oz of fertilizer to plant 1, 7 oz of fertilizer to plant 2, 8 oz to plant 3, 9 oz to plant 4 and no fertilizer to plant 5. She waters each of the plants with 200mL of water everyday for 2 weeks and places them in the sun for 3 hours each day.

  8. Key Experiments From the Past • Francesco Redi: Refuted Spontaneous Generation • John Needham: Retested Redi’s experiment • LazzaroSpallanzani: Retest Redi’s Experiment

  9. Key Experiments From the Past • Louis Pasteur: Spontaneous Generation • Pasteurization & sterilization

  10. Characteristics of Living Things • Made of Cells • Reproduce • Based on Universal Genetic Code • Grow and Develop • Obtain and Use Materials and Energy • Respond the Their Environment • Maintain a Stable Internal Environment (homeostasis) • Change Over Time

  11. The Metric System Units: • Length = The __________ from one point to another • Volume = The amount of ________ an object takes up • Mass = The amount of __________ in an object • Temperature = The measure of _________ or _________

  12. SI Units • Length = m • Volume (solid) = cm3 • Volume (liquid) = mL • Mass = kg • Temperature = Celsius

  13. Scientists often record their data in a table or _______. • There are multiple types of graphs: ______, _______, or a ____ ______. • X- axis is along the ___________plane • Y-axis is along the __________plane

  14. Microscopes • Light Microscope: produces magnified images by focusing _______ _______ ____. • Most commonly used microscope • Compound Light Microscope: allows light to pass through the specimen and uses _____ lenses to form an image.

  15. Microscopes • Electron Microscope: produces magnified images by focusing ______ of ________. • Can produce images almost 1000 times more detailed than a light microscope.

  16. Two Types of Electron Microscopes: • Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM): shine a beam of electrons through a thin specimen. • Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM): scan a narrow beam of electrons back and forth across the ____________ of the specimen.

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