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A Research and a Result

A Research and a Result. 10 th Airbus Flight Safety Conference. Barcelona October 2003 Capt. Cor Blokzijl, Aero Lloyd. E S S A I. ESSAI research , ......WHY?. E nhanced S afety through S ituation A wareness I ntegration in training.

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A Research and a Result

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  1. A Research and a Result 10th Airbus Flight Safety Conference Barcelona October 2003 Capt. Cor Blokzijl, Aero Lloyd

  2. E S S A I

  3. ESSAI research, ......WHY? Enhanced Safety through Situation Awareness Integration in training. 80 % of all incidents & accidents have Human Factor as contributing factor 88% of these are due to Situation Awareness or loss of SA We should do something about this !

  4. An European research : • Investigate the role of SA & Crisis Management • How to deal with growing complexity of highly • integrated systems • Offer potential training solutions for: • Maintaining & recovering SA • Perform Threat Management (TM)

  5. Research constrain : • Human factors produce psychological terminology for • phenomena, but......... • These notions are supposed to speak for themselves, but.... • nobody dares to ask the actual meaning. • These notions are far to general, without specification. • Therefore the result of the research must be in „PILOT Language“. • Only then the user knows what it means! • Training has to fit into existing training and not • increase cost nor operational time

  6. Research : • Training Analysis Methods : • Activity-based methods were used during the Training Needs • Analysis • Extraction of training objectives identified in literature • Pilots workshops: 1. Generate behaviour strategy for • SA management • 2. Design specific trng needs • Pilots interviews • Questionnaire survey

  7. Research cont. ...... • Result of the Training Need Analysis: • Situation Awareness mind-map • Threat Management mind-map Competency structure

  8. Competency Structure : Information gathering/Monitoring check environment for contradictory facts double x-check as much as possible interrogate stay in the loop Planning/Anticipation defining objectives for each phase not too focused on one goal physical health maintenance Interpretation integration of information into a mental picture, subliminal understanding, 6th sense SituationAwareness Workload management setting priorities regarding situation & control Self awareness clues/signals for LSA self-critique watching one‘s own behaviour Communication crew communication sharing experience identifying other Crew-Members’ LSA accept errors and communicate them

  9. Next step • Constructing the definition of the ESSAI training solution • Design of the training • Construct a common aviation language between scientist • and pilots

  10. ESSAI Training :

  11. S A definition : The perception of the elements within a volume of time and space, the understanding of their meaning and the projection of their status in the near future” „Endsley 1988“

  12. Situation Awareness :

  13. Threat Management :

  14. Reviewing Tool :

  15. Benchmark Scenario ESSAI training Assessment Scenario Exp’tl Group Benchmark Scenario LOFT training Assessment Scenario Control Group Experimental validation :

  16. Attitudes about SA and TM Factors Affecting Situation Awareness (FASA) Real Ideal

  17. Behaviour and Skills Related to SA/TM Behaviour marker systems:

  18. Conclusions from the Data Analysis • Attitudes towards SA / TM • ESSAI had a significant impact on the development ofSA-related attitudes. • After the training EG put increasing emphasis on suchfactors as Information Management, Automaticity, and Interpersonal Dynamic • Behaviour Observation • ESSAI substantially enhances SA but only slightly affects TM • Majority of EG crews moved from the level of Understanding to Projection in the AS • Especially the briefing quality improved and management of distractions became more effective

  19. Aero Lloyd ESSAI Training : • During recurrent training from 010103 till 270703 • 215 pilots received ESSAI training. • ESSAI training consisted of : • 3 hours ESSAI training • 2 hours ESSAI simulator scenario • 45 minutes auto confrontation

  20. Participating pilots experience : Experience Total Time A320 Captains 13120 3219 F/O‘s 5287 2044 Captains : all were converted from conventional aircraft by AEF F/O‘s : 79% were converted from conventional aircraft 21% came from smaller aircraft to AEF

  21. ESSAI Material value :

  22. Video & auto confrontation :

  23. Further results : • The training was relevant to my job and flight safety: • 99% of the pilots indicated YES • The training is useful, all pilots should have a chance to • receive ESSAI training: • Only 1 Captain indicated NO • Would you like additional ESSAI training: • 89% of all pilots indicated YES • 53% requested at least a second simulator session • 88% find regular recurrent or follow-up training • necessary

  24. Recommendations from theResearch • To implement ESSAI training package in existing • training • To follow-up ESSAI training within a time frame • To create a „Train the Trainer“ package ( Aero Lloyd has created • this to enable own ESSAI Training ) • To „spread“ the training to all interested airlines

  25. What is ESSAI training ? A training tool to improve Flight Safety by enhancing S.A. and improving threat management in any cockpit. Quote : „During my 16 years as an Aero Lloyd pilot, no training has surpsrised me in such a positive way as the ESSAI training. A fantastic concept!“ Unquote

  26. A-321 Michiel Thank you for your attention !

  27. ESSAI Consortium : www. ESSAI.net

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