Key terms and topics

1. Key terms and topics FINAL EXAM REVIEW

2. The people and institutions with authority to make and enforce laws and manage disputes about laws • Social institutions • Government • Sovereignty • Democracy

3. Power of a nation-state (country) to govern itself • Government • Democracy • Social contract • Sovereignty

4. Agreement that the government will protect the citizens and the citizens will support the government • Social contract • Divine right • Sovereignty • Democracy

5. The belief that rulers derive their authority directly from God and are accountable only to him • Divine right • Sovereignty • Monarchy • Communism

6. A form of government in which governmental powers are divided between a central authority and a number of regional subdivisions • Parliamentary government • Presidential government • Federal government • Confederate government

7. A political system in which a weak central government has limited authority and the states have ultimate power • Federalism • Direct democracy • Dictatorship • Confederation

8. A form of government in which the executive leaders are chosen by and responsible to the legislature • Parliamentary government • Presidential government • Direct democracy • Representative democracy

9. Government ruled by king/queen. Ruler’s power is hereditary. • Dictatorship • Democracy • Republic • Monarchy

10. A form of government in which an absolute ruler controls the power, often through fear or force and ignores the will of the people • Monarchy • Republic • Dictatorship • Communism

11. A system of government in which the state controls the means of production • Communism • Dictatorship • Parliamentary government • Federalism

12. A system of government by the people, exercised either directly or through elected representatives • Direct democracy • Democracy • Representative democracy • Republic

13. A democratic system of government in which all citizens participate in politics and decision-making, such as town meetings • Republic • Representative democracy • Democracy • Direct democracy

14. A democratic system of government in which policies are made by officials accountable to the people who elected them (United States form of government) • Republic • Representative democracy • Democracy • Direct democracy

15. A democracy in which the supreme power lies with the citizens who vote for officials and representatives responsible to them (Rome’s form of government) • Republic • Representative democracy • Democracy • Direct democracy

16. 1215 – the first document to limit the power of the king • Magna Carta • English Bill of Rights • Constitution • Articles of Confederation

17. Sets of ideas that people have about relationships, obligations, roles and functions in society. Human groups developed to respond to human needs, structure society and influence behavior. • Economic systems • Interdependent • Social interactions • Social institutions

18. What a government is allowed to do; they may be limited by a constitution • Separation of powers • Powers of government • Federalism • Checks and balances

19. John Locke, Baron de Montesquieu, the Greeks, the Romans, the British and the Iroquois Confederacy • Powers of government • Forms of government • Government influences • Economic systems

20. State control of business, labor unions, church and political parties • Democracy • Republic • Monarchy • Totalitarianism

21. rule of law, limited government, consent of the governed, individual rights, and representative government • functions of government • democratic principles • types of government • social institutions

22. making a distinction in favor of or against a person, based on the group, class, or category to which that person belongs rather than on individual merit • discrimination • segregation • perception • intolerance

23. an introductory statement to any writing or document such as the Declaration of Independence or Constitution • conclusion • epilogue • beginning • preamble

24. the right to vote - which women met at Seneca Falls for and finally earned in 1920 • Bill of Rights • affirmative action • suffrage • voting amendments

25. the practice or policy of creating separate facilities within the same society for the use of a minority • discrimination • segregation • intolerance • perception

26. government and private policies designed to provide equal opportunity for minority groups that have suffered from discrimination in the past • discrimination • desegregation • immigration • affirmative action

27. Positives/negatives – before/after • Pre/post – pro/con • Con/pro – post/pre • Pro/con – pre/post • Primary/secondary source

28. Before Christ/Anno Domini • Secondary source/primary source • Primary source/secondary source • AD/BC timeline • BC/AD timeline

29. Account from someone who was there/account from someone who heard about it, but wasn’t there • Secondary source/primary source • Primary source/secondary source • AD/BC timeline • BC/AD timeline

30. Measures distance north/south of the equator and east/west of the prime meridian • Longitude/latitude • Latitude/longitude • AD/BC timeline • Pro/con

31. Natural (come from the earth); human (labor/work); capital (man-made goods) • Hemispheres • Latitude/longitude • Primary/secondary • Resources

32. The northern and southern halves of the world divided by the equator and the eastern and western halves of the world divided by the prime meridian • Hemispheres • Latitude/longitude • Primary/secondary • Resources

33. Location, place, region, movement, human/environment interaction • Themes of Geography • Types of Government • Culture • Economic Systems

34. Traditional (Native Americans); Command (China); Market; Mixes (United States) • Themes of Geography • Types of Government • Culture • Economic Systems

35. Not enough of something/what we give up when we make choices • Scarcity/opportunity cost • Costs/benefits • Supply/demand • Pro/con

36. Promotes well being; advantages • Costs • Benefits • Supply • Demand

37. Train in one particular area • Assembly line • Mass media • Specialization • Responsibilities

38. Losses or penalties incurred in gaining something • Costs • Benefits • Supply • Demand

39. How much there is/how much people want; affects price • Scarcity/opportunity cost • Costs/benefits • Supply/demand • Pro/con

40. The management of the resources of a community or country; expenditures and consumption of goods and services • Budget • Costs • Benefits • Economy

41. Newspapers, magazines, books, pamphlets which reach a large number of people (today it would include radio, TV and the Internet) • Peaceful protest • Mass Media • Social Interaction • Social Institutions

42. The way people/groups in society treat one another – cooperation, conflict and compromise • Social interaction • Social institutions • Culture • Economy

43. A society’s way of life – religion, literature, arts, customs, beliefs, etc. • Economy • Government • Specialization • Culture

44. Bluegrass, knobs, Jackson Purchase, pennyroyal, western coal fields, eastern mountains/coal fields • Cultural regions • Economic areas • Regions of Kentucky • Regions of the mid-west

45. a plan, often written, that details the rules, functions, and principles of a government • preamble • constitution • declaration • bill

46. form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty • goals of the Constitution • functions of government • government influences • democratic principles

47. written by Thomas Jefferson; used traditional English political rights to call for independence for the colonies (unalienable rights, social contract, rule of law) • Articles of Confederation • Bill of Rights • Constitution • Declaration of Independence

48. added to the Constitution in 1791; the first 10 amendments to the Constitution which protect our civil liberties • unalienable rights • Declaration of Independence • Bill of Rights • voting amendments

49. guarantees freedoms essential to American democracy (speech, religion, assembly, etc) • 1st Amendment • Bill of Rights • suffrage • preamble

50. number 15 (Minority Men); Number 19 (women); Number 23 (people in D.C.); Number 26 (18 year olds) • Bill of Rights • suffrage • affirmative action • voting amendments