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Anatomy and Physiology of Blood Vessels

Learn about the structure, function, and movement of blood through the body. Explore topics such as atherosclerosis, blood composition, hemostasis, and more.

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Anatomy and Physiology of Blood Vessels

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  1. Review - blood vessels Atherosclerosis article Notes – Blood and hemostasis "Far better it is to dare mighty things, to win glorious triumphs even though checkered by failure, than to rank with those poor spirits who neither enjoy nor suffer much because they live in the gray twilight that knows neither victory nor defeat." Theodore Roosevelt . Title: Anat & Phys 4/19/07 Class Topics Objectives: Wednesday, January 1, 20209:47 PM

  2. Class Assignments What By When • Read Atherosclerosis article 4/19/07 • Due this class period • Due next class period • Due in the future

  3. Blood movement • Trace the blood from the heart to the left arm and back to the heart. • Trace the blood from the heart to the right leg and back to the heart. • Trace the blood from the heart to the small intestine and back to the heart. • Trace the blood from the heart to the left gonad (this of course depends upon your gender) and back to the heart.

  4. Ascending aorta, aortic arch, left subclavian artery, left axillary artery, left brachial artery, left biceps brachii, left brachial vein, left axillary vein, left subclavian vein, left brachiocephalic vein, superior vena cava • Ascending aorta, aortic arch, descending aorta, common iliac artery, external iliac artery, femoral artery, deep femoral artery, femur,femoral vein, external iliac vein, common iliac vein, inferior vena cava

  5. Ascending aorta, aortic arch, descending aorta, superior mesenteric artery, small intestine,superior mesenteric vein, hepatic portal vein,liver,hepatic vein, inferior vena cava • Ascending aorta, aortic arch, descending aorta, left gonadal artery, ovary/testes,left gonadal vein, renal vein, inferior vena cava

  6. Blood • Connective tissue • Supports homeostasis • transportation • moving nutrients, oxygen, wastes around • protection • antibodies, leukocytes • regulation • heating/cooling • acid/base balance From: http://heme-coag.uthscsa.edu/wwwthromb97/01ps.gif

  7. General Information H.O. Composition of Blood • Red color due to hemoglobin • arterial - bright red - much oxygen • venous - dark red - little oxygen • Plasma (55% of blood) • 92% water, 8% solutes • proteins - synthesized in liver From: http://www.people.virginia.edu/~dp5m/phys_304/figures/whole_blood.jpg

  8. Plasma Proteins • Albumins - • thicken the blood, used to maintain osmotic pressure • Globulins • gamma globulins • antibodies • Fibrinogen - precursor to fibrin • major role in blood clotting

  9. Erythrocytes H.O. Erythrocytes • 40% of blood volume • transport respiratory gases • biconcave to increase area of diffusion • No nucleus or any other organelles • Production • Fetal - yolk sac, spleen, liver • Adult - red bone marrow • Life span - 120 days

  10. Erythrocytes • Production stimulated by erythropoetin (hormone regulated by kidneys and liver) • Negative feedback (fig 12-8) • Recycling • hemoglobin is broken into biliverdin and bilirubin in the liver and used in bile • Iron in hemoglobin is recycled to be used again

  11. Leukocytes • 1 % of blood volume • Contain a nucleus • Ability to leave cardiovascular system • Diapedesis • Function • protect the body from disease • phagocytic • collection of leukocytes - pus

  12. Leukocytes • Lymphocytes (antibodies) • T cells • B cells • act against foreign particles and toxins • able to discern between self and nonself cells

  13. Types • Granulocytes • neutrophils • eosinophils • basophils • Agranulocytes • lymphocytes • monocytes *Phagocytosis From: http://www.colorado.edu/epob/epob1220lynch/20immune.html

  14. Thrombocytes • Platelets • fragments of complete cells • formed from precursor cells parts • play a role in preventing blood loss From: http://ntri.tamuk.edu/homepage-ntri/lectures/clotting.html

  15. Hemostasis • Stopping blood flow • usually occurs when damage is done to blood vessel wall • Three step process • 1. Blood vessel spasm • 2. Platelet plug • 3. Coagulation • Useful in smaller vessels

  16. Hemostasis Alex Zanardi • Stopping blood flow • usually occurs when damage is done to blood vessel wall • Three step process • 1. Blood vessel spasm • 2. Platelet plug • 3. Coagulation • Useful in smaller vessels

  17. 1. Blood vessel spasm • Damage to the vessel wall • stimulates smooth muscle to contract • Can last for 30 minutes • in some cases this can complete close a blood vessel • Spasm can be prolonged by the release of serotonin by thrombocytes

  18. From http://ntri.tamuk.edu/homepage-ntri/lectures/clotting.html 2. Platelet plug • Arrive on the scene • increase in size and change shape • surface become sticky • allows them to adhere to collagen in blood vessel walls • also allows them to adhere to each other • Eventually forms a large clump • platelet plug (fig 12-11)

  19. From: http://www.people.virginia.edu/~dp5m/phys_304/figures/blood_clot.jpg

  20. Blood Coagulation • Fibrinogen converts into fibrin • stimulated by release of thromboplastin from damaged vessels and thrombocytes • Fibrin form a netting over platelets and other formed elements • blood clot • blood leakage is stopped • Repair begins

  21. From: http://web.vet.cornell.edu/public /popmed/clinpath/CPmodules/coags/primim.htm

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