Chapter 2 of the Proposal

1. Chapter 2 of the Proposal Reviewingthe Literature John W. Creswell Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research, third edition

2. By the end of this week’s online assignment, you will give evidence that you are able to: • Define what it means to review the literature and explain its importance • Identify the five steps in conducting a literature review • Recognize and choose a primary research article • List the content of a summary of a primary research article • Write a summary of a primary research article John W. Creswell Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research, third edition

3. What Is a Literature Review? • A written summary of the literature that • describes past and current information and research • documents a need for your proposed study • reports the literature based on themes or individual studies • is organized into topics John W. Creswell Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research, third edition

4. Literature Review in a Quantitative Study • Documents the importance of the research problem at the beginning of the study • Supports the theory or explanation used in the study • Foreshadows the research questions • Provides an explanation for the results in other studies and in the theoretical prediction at the end of the study John W. Creswell Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research, third edition

5. The 5-Step Process of Conducting a Literature Review • Identify key terms (use your list of definitons) • Locate literature (review the Library tutorial) • Critically evaluate and select the literature (primary research about your independent and dependent variables) • Organize the literature (use the headings in the template) • Write a review based on the content of a summary John W. Creswell Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research, third edition

6. What is the content of a summary of a primary research article? • The research problem studied by the researcher • The hypothesis posed by the researcher • The procedures followed by the researcher including • data collection method • the instrument (survey or observation method) • participants and • the research site • The findings of the study • were the hypotheses supported? • were the questions of the study answered? • The conclusions of the study including the recommendations for further

7. Here is a sample Note Card that a student wrote. You can also highlight these parts of a study right on a primary research article that you might have printed. John W. Creswell Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research, third edition

8. The summary is written in paragraph form. It has no numbers or headings. Here is a sample summary Francis, Linan-Thompson, Mathes & Vaughn (2005) studied interventions for first graders who were ELLs and whose home language was Spanish. Thirty-two ELLs comprised an intervention group and thirty-two, the control group. The study took place in a diverse school district in Texas, representative of the general Texas population. The researchers hypothesized that interventions in the form of instruction for English speaking students would improve the language learning of ELLs. Student progress was measured through a letter naming and letter sound identification assessment using the Woodcock Language Proficiency Battery- Revised and the Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills (DIBELS). The study found that the elements of the interventions that were similar to those used with monolingual students were as important as the content of the instruction. The scores indicated that the students receiving interventions were successful in language improvement, thus supporting the hypothesis. Conclusions recommended using Response to Interventions to identify needs of ELLs.

9. IdentifyingKeyTerms to Find Primary Research Articles on your proposal topic • Use the terms in your title and look in a thesaurus of terms to find words that match your topic • Scan the contents in your library stacks and the table of contents of educational journals. • Secondary sources: Summaries, Journals, indexes, databases, Early stage literature (e.g., Web studies) • Databases: ERIC, PsycINFO, Sociofile, Social Science Citation Index, Dissertation Abstracts John W. Creswell Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research, third edition

10. Your turn • Go back to the online assignment and write your summary of a primary research article. John W. Creswell Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research, third edition