1 / 12

DNA TECHNOLOGY

DNA TECHNOLOGY. HGP – Human Genome Project. International study to determine: ~25,000 genes Sequence of 3 billion nitrogen bases (A,T,C,G’s) Create & improve methods of analyzing DNA Address ethical, legal & social issues . RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM (RFLP).

noelle
Download Presentation

DNA TECHNOLOGY

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. DNA TECHNOLOGY

  2. HGP – Human Genome Project • International study to determine: • ~25,000 genes • Sequence of 3 billion nitrogen bases (A,T,C,G’s) • Create & improve methods of analyzing DNA • Address ethical, legal & social issues

  3. RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM (RFLP) • Technique used to isolate sections of DNA • 1st used in DNA profiling, also used in paternity tests, genome maps & disease locators. • DNA is broken up (restriction enzyme) & sorted by size using gel electrophoresis

  4. RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM • Results then transferred to membrane (Southern Blot) • DNA probes are then attached to each broken segment to determine actual nucleotide sequence

  5. RFLP  SNP’s • Issues: • Requires large #of DNA samples • Long, complicated process • Replaced RFLP for SNP  Single Nucleotide Polymorphism • Most common form of genetic variation btw people • Occurs 1 in every 300 bases • 99% of genetic code is same.

  6. POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR) • Method used to produce millions of copies of a small sample of DNA in approx. 2 hours. • Denature DNA & force replication to occur. • Process is repeated thru multiple cycles to produce millions of copies.

  7. POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR) • Taq polymerase • Extracted from bacteria live in hot springs • Process: • Denaturing (break open) • Annealing (primers or synthetic DNA strands attach) • Extension (enzyme initiates replication)

  8. STEM CELLS • Early embryonic cells that have yet to differentiate (specialize) • Cloning • Disease research & treatment • Creation of genetically modified products/organisms

  9. GENETIC ENGINEERING • Manipulating genetic material • Genetic Modifications • Changes to an organism DNA • Transgenic Modifications • Combining DNA from 2 separate organisms • Cross-breeding • Unnatural breeding of organisms

  10. CROSS-BREEDING • Beefalo • Cross between domestic cattle & American buffalo • Buffalo are larger, heartier animals that require less care • Retain the flavor of beef • 3/8 bison • 5/8 bovine • Fertile offspring

  11. GENETIC MODIFICATION • Arctic Apple • Turn off the gene that controls the enzyme polyphenoloxidase • Prevent browning of apples

  12. TRANSGENIC MODIFICATIONS • Golden Rice • Splice genes from daffodils into the genome of white rice • Increase the vitamin A content of the rice

More Related