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MADISON’S CURRENT WEATHER

MADISON’S CURRENT WEATHER. Madison Weather at 1000 AM CDT 17 JUL 2002 Updated twice an hour at :05 and :25 Sky/Weather: PTSUNNY Temperature: 79 F (26 C)

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MADISON’S CURRENT WEATHER

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  1. MADISON’S CURRENT WEATHER Madison Weather at 1000 AM CDT 17 JUL 2002 Updated twice an hour at :05 and :25 Sky/Weather: PTSUNNY Temperature: 79 F (26 C) Dew Point: 65 F (18 C) Relative Humidity: 62% Wind: SW5 MPH Barometer: 30.07F (1018.3 mb)

  2. Last 24 hrs in Madison FOG

  3. Radar estimated storm total precipitation From 5PM Sun to9 AM Mon (CDT)

  4. CURRENT VISIBLE

  5. CURRENT IR

  6. Yesterday’s High Temperatures (°F)

  7. Yesterday’s High Temperatures (oF) – (1961-90) Average High Temperatures

  8. Late Sunday Afternoon Dewpoints (oF)

  9. Late Sunday Afternoon Apparent Temperatures/Heat Indices(oF)

  10. Current Surface Weather Map with Isobars (“iso” = equal & “bar” = weight), Fronts and Radar

  11. Current Temperatures (°F) & Isotherms(“iso” = equal +”therm” = temperature)

  12. Current Dewpoints (oF)

  13. Tomorrow AM Forecast Map

  14. Announcements • Homework #3 is returned todayAnswer Key is posted athttp://www.aos.wisc.edu/~hopkins/aos100/homework • Homework #4 is due Thurs. • 2nd Hour Exam is scheduled for Thurs. • Study sheet is posted at: http://www.aos.wisc.edu/~hopkins/aos100/exams • If you have ??, please see me.

  15. ATM OCN 100 - Summer 2002 LECTURE 16ATMOSPHERIC OPTICAL PHENOMENA A. INTRODUCTION • Why do we have red sunsets, white clouds & blue skies? • Where do we look for a rainbow & what does its occurrence signify?

  16. A. Introduction (con’t.) • Definition & Scope • Optics: To be seen • Historical Background

  17. B. NATURE OF VISIBLE LIGHT • The Electromagnetic Spectrum • A review

  18. B. NATURE OF VISIBLE LIGHT(con’t.) • Visible Light, Sunlight & the Electromagnetic Spectrum • I. Newton, sunlight & polychromatic light • Visible Light, Color & Human Visual Perception

  19. C. FUNDAMENTAL OPTICAL PROCESSES • Atmospheric Optical Phenomena depends upon Fundamental Optical Processes affecting sunlight • Review of Fundamental Optical Processes • where ...

  20. SCATTERING • Redirection of light ray due to suspended particles. • New direction may be in forward or backward direction. • Depends upon relative size of scatterer: • Rayleigh Scatter [small particles] • Mie Scatter [large particles]

  21. REFLECTION • Redirection of light ray in backward direction by large surface. • Reflection RelationshipAngle of reflection = angle of incidence

  22. REFLECTION (con’t.) • Depends upon reflecting surface: • Smooth surface  Specular Reflection • Rough surface  Diffuse Reflection

  23. Comparisons Absorption & Emission Scattering Reflection

  24. REFRACTION • Redirection of light ray within medium due to density differences.

  25. REFRACTION (con’t.) • Depends upon: • density of medium • wavelength of light • incident angle • Relationship(Snell’s Law) Angle of refraction  angle of incidence

  26. Refraction(con’t.)

  27. Refraction(con’t.)

  28. DISPERSION • Separation of polychromatic light ray into component colors during passage through a medium.

  29. DISPERSION (con’t.) • Requires concurrent refraction. • Depends upon: • density of medium • wavelength of light

  30. Dispersion

  31. DIFFRACTION • Constructive & destructive interference patterns of light waves due to slight bending of light ray moving around an object.

  32. DIFFRACTION(con’t.) • Requires small openings or objects. • Produces light and dark bands. • Depends upon wavelength. • Polychromatic light ray may be broken into component colors.

  33. Diffraction

  34. Diffraction(con’t.)

  35. D. ATMOSPHERIC OPTICAL PHENOMENA Optical Phenomena associated with: • Small Particles in Atmosphere • Vertical Air Density Gradients • Liquid Water Drops/Droplets in Air • Ice Crystals in Air where ...

  36. 1. Optical Phenomena associated withSMALL PARTICLES in ATMOSPHERE(GAS MOLECULES & AEROSOLS) • Blue Skies(Rayleigh Scatter) • White Clouds(Mie Scatter) • Red Sunsets(Rayleigh & Mie Scatter)

  37. Rayleigh & Mie Scattering

  38. Mie Scatter

  39. Earth-Rise over the Moon (Apollo 8 Mission)

  40. Shadows on Lunar SurfaceApollo 17

  41. SUNRISE FROM SPACEFrom STS-52 (JSC-NASA)

  42. Solar Eclipse

  43. Rayleigh & Mie Scatter

  44. SUNSETS

  45. Sunray Paths in the AtmosphereSee Fig. 2.8 Moran & Morgan (1997)

  46. Clouds as Scatterers

  47. Sunlight through a Montana Thunderstorm

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