Truth or Dogma?

1. Truth or Dogma? An overview of the Hydroplate Theory Dr. Walt Brown www.creationscience.com

2. Truth or Dogma? You’ve been taught in your science classes up to this point that Plate Tectonics and “seafloor spreading” explain the geological state of the world today.

3. Truth or Dogma? If I could demonstrate to you a scientific explanation for the world around you that • Explains every major geologic feature, as well as features of near-Earth astronomy… • Fits the facts better than any other explanation available… • Is a radical departure from the current stagnant dogma of the “scientific community”… Would you be open to it?

4. Predominant Theory of Geology:Plate Tectonics The Earth’s crust rides on great plates that are constantly spreading apart and subducting under.

5. Predominant Theory of Geology:Plate Tectonics This is the explanation of the Mid-Oceanic Ridge.

6. Predominant Theory of Geology:Plate Tectonics Originally, this theory required only five to seven plates. Now that has expanded to hundreds of plates being necessary to accommodate the theory.

7. Predominant Theory of Geology:Plate Tectonics Mid Oceanic Ridge • This is where spreading must occur • There are overlapping regions • There are intersecting axial rifts!

8. Predominant Theory of Geology:Plate Tectonics • How do the plates move? • Subduction? • Physically impossible!

9. Predominant Theory of Geology:Plate Tectonics The slabs represented below are 30 to 60 miles thick.

10. Predominant Theory of Geology:Plate Tectonics The pressure on any rock deeper than 5 miles will cause the rock to flow if not contained.

11. Predominant Theory of Geology:Plate Tectonics It is impossible for any plate to ever depress deeper than five miles. No subducting plate could begin subduction.

12. Predominant Theory of Geology:Plate Tectonics • What force moves the plates? • If plates are subducting, what force causes the plates to subduct?

13. Predominant Theory of Geology:Plate Tectonics Even without the flowing feature of rock, the pressure of 30 mile thickness of rock from the overriding plate would prevent any movement of the subducting plate.

14. Predominant Theory of Geology:Plate Tectonics There is no material strong enough to withstand this great pressure, nor no force great enough to overcome the magnitude of the friction and great pressure to move a plate.

15. Predominant Theory of Geology:Plate Tectonics It’s physically (scientifically) impossible.

16. Predominant Theory of Geology:Plate Tectonics Continental Shelves • Why is there a continental shelf? • What geologic process created them?

17. Predominant Theory of Geology:Plate Tectonics Oceanic Trenches • Why are there Deep Trenches in the Pacific? …but not in the Atlantic? • How did these form? • Why is there continental material on the Pacific floor?

18. Predominant Theory of Geology:Plate Tectonics Earthquakes • It’s where the plates rub together or one subducts under the other, right? • Then why are there many powerful ones far from plate boundaries, and so deep, the rock should be clay-like.

19. Predominant Theory of Geology:Plate Tectonics Magnetic Reversals • Not reversals at all! • Intensity fluctuations • Some perpendicular to the ridge

20. Predominant Theory of Geology:No explanation for Submarine Canyons V-shaped. Why? They seem to be extensions of existing rivers… Up to 15,000 feet below sea level!

21. Large River like Amazon Continental Shelf Beach The “drop-off” Ocean surface What cut this deep V gouge in the Continental shelf up to 15,000 feet below sea level? Predominant Theory of Geology:No explanation for Submarine Canyons

22. Predominant Theory of Geology:No explanation for • Geologic Anomalies • Coal and oil in Antarctica • Methane in ice • Ice Age (s) • Requires heavy precipitation AND… • Extended and extreme cold temperatures… at the same time! • That’s a contradiction!

23. Predominant Theory of Geology:No explanation for Frozen Mammoths • Fleshy remains • Quickly frozen • Food in mouth and stomach • Many of them crushed • Virtually all of them suffocated

24. Predominant Theory of Geology:No explanation for Mountains • Crumpled and buckled • Folded sediments • How do sedimentarylayers ofrock fold?

25. Predominant Theory of Geology:No explanation for Metamorphic rock • Requires flowing water • In traditional Geology, where is this necessary ingredient?

26. Predominant Theory of Geology:No explanation for Plateaus • Raised areas of the Earth • Appear to be floating on the rock beneath them

27. Predominant Theory of Geology:No explanation for Limestone • Made from calcium carbonate • Requires carbon • There is too much calcium carbonate to have come from known processes. There is no adequate source for the carbon!

28. Predominant Theory of Geology:No explanation for Overthrusts • Horizontal sliding for miles and miles • Too much friction • Materials (rock) not strong enough to be pushed or pulled with the friction that would be present • And yet, they’re not crushed

29. Predominant Theory of Geology:No explanation for Salt Domes • What is the source of all the salt? • How did the salt all get collected together? • Why is it a dome shape?

30. Predominant Theory of Geology:Inadequate explanation for Volcanoes & Lava • What is the source of magma? • The Earth’s crust is 6 to 60 miles thick • All cracks lower than 5 miles are squeezed shut! • The mantle is over 1800 miles thick and is solid material before you get to the molten core of the Earth.

31. Predominant Theory of Geology:Inadequate explanation for Geothermal Heat • What caused the magma for volcanoes? • Near-crust magma is unassociated with the molten core • Why is the Earth’s core molten? • Earth’s crust appears to have never been molten

32. Predominant Theory of Geology:Inadequate explanation for Sediments • Stratified layers of rock — how did that happen? • “Billions of dead things buried in rock layers laid down by water all over the Earth”

33. Predominant Theory of Geology:What you were probably taught… Jigsaw Fit of the Continents • Pangaea They took liberties with this graphic. To be valid, all the “squares” must be equivalent. Compare Africa, North America, and South America. Also, much continental mass is missing between North and South America.

34. Predominant Theory of Geology:What you were probably taught… Jigsaw Fit of the Continents • Pangaea If the continents were all packed together like this, what did the rest of the earth look like? This represents less than ¼ of the earth’s surface, and it would have been on just ¼ of the earth. Was the rest of the earth merely covered with water?

35. Predominant Theory of Geology:What you were probably taught… Jigsaw Fit of the Continents • Not as good a fit as you were led to believe • If you consider the continents with the continental shelves, the fit is rather poor.

36. Predominant Theory of Geology:A different perspective Jigsaw Fit of the Continents • There is a much better fit of the continents against the base of the mid-Atlantic Ridge

37. Predominant Theory of Geology:A different perspective Jigsaw Fit of the Continents • Yes, the continents were at one time connected, but • They were connected by rock that is no longer present. • Where did the rock go?

38. Predominant Theory of Geology:What you were probably taught… Layered Fossils • Fossils represent animals in previous eras of the Earth’s history • The lower strata and fossils are earlier times and the higher strata and fossils are more recent. • Strata and fossils were laid down over millions of years.

39. Predominant Theory of Geology:A different perspective Fossil Realities • Fossils are rarely formed today • Animals and plants decay. Fossils must be rapidly buried. • Fossils of sea life are found on every major mountain range. • How did they become buried way up in the mountains?

40. Predominant Theory of Geology:No explanation for… Change in Tilt of Earth’s Axis • This has been measured and documented • As nearly as they can tell, it began about 2345 BC

41. Predominant Theory of Geology: What you were probably taught… Asteroids, Meteoroids, and Comets • Asteroids: Likely an exploded Planet • Meteoroids: Possibly remnants of that same exploded planet • Comets: Came from the Oort cloud. A ring of comet material surrounding the Solar System

42. Predominant Theory of Geology: A different perspective Asteroids, Meteoroids, and Comets • Asteroids: an exploded Planet? • The total mass of all asteroids is less than 0.05% of the Earth’s mass. Combining all the asteroids would hardly produce a planet. • Comets: Oort cloud? • An Undetectable ring of comet material surrounding the Solar System • Oldest comet can be no more than 5000 years old • Conclusion: The Oort cloud exists because it must • No hyperbolic orbits

43. How to Evaluate Theories* • Process • Parsimony • Prediction *In the Beginning…, 7th Edition, Dr. Walter Brown, pp.98-99

44. How to Evaluate Theories • Process If a theory can explain all relevant observations better than any other proposed explanation, confidence in the explanation increases. If the starting conditions and operation of physical laws (all known processes) should have produced results that are not present, then confidence decreases.

45. How to Evaluate Theories • Parsimony The use of few assumptions. The simplest explanation. Few assumptions that explain many things indicates a good theory. The more assumptions, the less credible the theory. If more assumptions have to be added as the theory is explored, it becomes less credible.

46. How to Evaluate Theories • Prediction A good theory allows you to predict unusual things if you look in the right places and make the right measurements. Verified predictions increase confidence in the explanation.

47. How to Evaluate Theories “Scientific explanations are never certain or final, and the overused word ‘prove’ is never justified except possibly in mathematics or a court of law.” * *In the Beginning…, 7th ed., Dr. Walter Brown, p.99

48. Hydroplate Theory • Assumptions of the Hydroplate Theory There is only one • Subterranean water ¾ mile thick layer of supercritical water containing a large amount of dissolved salt, minerals, and carbon dioxide, 10 miles below the Earth’s surface in interconnected chambers. Granite above, basalt below.

49. Hydroplate Theory Did I say WATER? Yes, this is a flood theory. A global flood.

50. Hydroplate Theory This flood was not your typical sewer backup or river overflowing its banks. Hurricane Katrina and its flooding aftermath was an infinitesimal speck compared to this. This was the greatest catastrophic event ever to occur on the Earth.