The Progressive Era

1. The Progressive Era Motives, Movements, and Momentum

2. Women’s Suffrage • The Problem • Women were not given the right to vote, but wanted it • Paid less than men • Confining gender expectations • Leaders • Elizabeth Cady Stanton • - Seneca Falls Convention • -“Declaration of Sentiments” • -National Woman Suffrage Association • Alice Paul • -Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage (National Woman’s Party) • -”Silent Sentinels” • - Change on federal level

3. Women’s Suffrage • Methods • Civil Disobedience- Protests, Boycotts, Marches/Picketing • Organization/Conferences • Writing • Unions • Accomplishments • 19th Amendment- Women’s Right to Vote • Made Women’s Rights a National Issue • Women’s Bureau of Department of Labor

4. Consumer Protection • Problem • Food unfit to eat • Food processing and storage unsafe • Poisonous materials used in consumer products • Rats, bugs, spoiled food, etc. permitted in factories • Leaders • Upton Sinclair • -Writer (Muckraker) • - The Jungle • -Appeal to Reason

5. Consumer Protection • Methods • Writing • Photography • Raise Awareness to inspire public outrage and action • Accomplishments • Pure Food and Drug Act • Government Regulations on food and medicine • Federal Meat Inspection Act • U.S. Food and Drug Administration

6. Working Conditions • Problems • Triangle Factory Fire • Unfair Wages • Unfair Hours • Unsafe Conditions • Leaders • Women’s Trade Union League • United Mine Workers Union • John Siney • International Ladies’ Garment Workers’ Union

7. Working Conditions • Methods • Strikes • Protests • Political Activity • Cooperation with business owners • Organization/Unions • Accomplishments • 8-hour work day • Safety regulations • Committee on Public Safety • Factory Investigating Commission • American Society of Safety Engineers • Federal Legislation passed

8. Child Labor • Problems • Dangerous working conditions for children • Accidents • Exposure to high levels of heat, fumes • Children working, not in school • Prevented children from becoming productive, healthy adults • Leaders • Theodore Roosevelt • John Spargo • -The Bitter Cry of the Children

9. Child Labor • Methods • Muckrakers exposed conditions • Raised Awareness • Sought federal legislation regulations • Call for fewer working hours • Accomplishments • Children’s Bureau • Keating-Owen Act- regulated Child Labor conditions, hours, and wages • Taxes on businesses • Smith-Hughes Act- one million dollars to states to improve education programs • Bans on child labor

10. Temperance/Prohibition • Problem • Immorality • Alcohol Abuse • Alcoholism • Violence • Poverty • Leaders • Jacob Riis • Women’s Christian Temperance Union • Anti-Saloon League • Carrie Nation

11. Civil Rights • Problems • Legal Segregation • Discrimination • Unemployment • Leaders • Booker T. Washington • W.E.B. du Bois • Ida B. Wells

12. Temperance/Prohibition • Methods • Organization • Revolt against saloon owners • Marches • Raise awareness • Accomplishments • Made Temperance and Prohibition a national issue • 18th Amendment- Prohibition of Alcohol in the U.S.

13. Civil Rights • Methods • Organization- Niagara Movement, NAACP • Created schools- Tuskegee Institute • Raised Awareness • Civil Disobedience- Protests, boycotts, marches • Appeal to political reform • Writing • Accomplishments • Raised awareness about social and political inequality • Made Segregation a national issue • 13th, 14th, 15th Amendments • Made small strides in gaining equality for African Americans in the U.S.

14. Conservation • Problems • Exploitation and Over-consumption of natural resources • Pollution • Mismanagement of raw materials • “Tradition of Waste” • Leaders • Theodore Roosevelt • Gifford Pinchot • John Muir

15. Conservation • Methods • Call for government regulations of businesses with regards to harvesting and use of raw materials • Raised awareness • Scientific studies • Accomplishments • National Parks • National Forests • Newlands Act • Inland Waterways Commission • National Conservation Commission

16. Government Reforms • Problems • Corruption • Voting Fraud • Bribery of Government Officials • Political Bosses • Distribution of power • Leaders • Theodore Roosevelt • Robert LaFollette • Jacob Riis

17. Government Reforms • Methods • Passed legislation • Call for direct primaries and more control by the people • Raised awareness of problems in the government • Accomplishments • Direct Primaries- people elect political candidates • Regulations/Taxes on Railroads • Reformed taxes on big businesses • Discouraged political bosses • Gave people more direct control over government

18. Big Business • Problems • Monopolies • Unregulated business practices • Mistreatment of workers • Interfered in government practices • Leaders • Theodore Roosevelt • William Howard Taft

19. Big Business • Methods • Passed federal laws • Raised awareness • Targeted monopolies and trusts • Accomplishments • -Expedition Act • -Interstate Commerce Commission • -Hepburn Act • -Northern Securities v. United States • -Federal Reserve Act • -Clayton Antitrust Act • -Federal Trade Commission

20. Essential Questions • What circumstances created the social or political conditions that eventually needed to be reformed? • How did individuals and groups influence social and political change in the United States between 1890-1920? • What actions were taken to create social and political change in the United States between 1890-1920? • What lasting impact did reform movements have on American life during the Progressive Era and today?