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TURKEY LITTER AS AN ALTERNATIVE BROODING FUEL

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TURKEY LITTER AS AN ALTERNATIVE BROODING FUEL

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    1. TURKEY LITTER AS AN ALTERNATIVE BROODING FUEL P.H. Patterson†, R.M. Hulet† T.L. Cravener and D.E. Buffington‡ Penn State University Departments of †Poultry Science and ‡Agricultural and Biological Engineering

    2. INTRODUCTION The Farm Issues: Soil Phosphate: saturated soils require litter export Propane: typically spent $30,000/yr for Ag propane and prices follow residential propane Profitability: greater expenses for litter hauling and propane reduced grower profitability

    3. THE FARM Two turkey houses in Snyder County, Pennsylvania 50x600ft, 15.2x183m with 8,250 birds/house originally fitted with thirty brooders/house.

    4. THE BOILER AND HEATING SYSTEM A 586kW (2 mill BTU/hr) boiler made by Blue Flame Stoker www.blueflamestoker.com Headingley, Manitoba Available from St. Joseph Heating Solutions, www.stjosephky.com (270) 229-3389 office (270) 929-7419 cell 7 ceiling mounted Modine heat exchangers/house

    5. THE FUEL (litter) AND ASH SYSTEM

    6. RESULTS THUS FAR House temperatures were maintained despite outside January-March averages of 34°F (0-70°F). Relative humidity was low initially (20-30%) but increased with bird age.

    7. RESULTS

    8. INFRARED THERMAL IMAGE OF SYSTEM HEAT EXCHANGERS

    9. Litter Score (0=new bedding, 5=severely caked & wet)

    10. House Ammonia (ppm)

    11. House Carbon Dioxide (ppm) In 2009, the CO2 global average concentration in Earth's atmosphere was about 0.0387% by volume, or 387 parts per million by volume (ppmv).[1][2] In 2009, the CO2 global average concentration in Earth's atmosphere was about 0.0387% by volume, or 387 parts per million by volume (ppmv).[1][2]

    12. Litter Temp (F)

    13. FUEL USAGE & ASH PRODUCTION 15.1 tons of ash were generated (373 lbs/day) Ash pH and minerals (ppm) are below. 341 tons of litter were used in the first 10 wks for houses 1 & 2 (4.2 ton/day). We est. litter burning reduced propane use to approx. 10% of normal.

    14. FUTURE WORK Broiler Feeding Trial: In a 4 wk study with broilers phosphorus digestibility of the ash will be measured with feed intake efficiency, growth & bone ash. Continue Monitoring the Turkey Houses: Litter fuel & propane consumption Temperature, relative humidity Air quality, litter quality Flock performance Crop Fertilizer Trial: The relative availability of ash potash and phosphorus will be determined in an 8 wk greenhouse study with rye grass. Parameters include: plant ht. biomass, color and tissue nutrients.

    15. SUMMARY The litter boiler performed well and reduced propane usage. House environment for the birds was warm with uniform temperature, low humidity, NH3 and CO2. Flock performance to date is above average for the farm and company. Future tests with litter ash as a poultry dietary phosphate and fertilizer phosphorus and potash are underway.

    16. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Personnel: Denise F. Bechdel, PSU Small Business Development Center Dennis E. Buffington, PSU Ag & Biol Engineering Dept. R. Michael Hulet and Paul H. Patterson, PSU Dept of Poultry Sci. PA Snyder County Conservation District, Board of Directors Research & Financial Support: Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture: $49,000 National Fish & Wildlife Foundation, Chesapeake Bay Stewardship Fund: $100,000 Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, Energy Harvest Grant: $61,356

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