Unit Three

1. Unit Three Early National(1789) Through the Era of Good Feelings(1824)

2. George Washington John Adams Thomas Jefferson James Madison James Monroe Who doesn’t match? 1789-1797 1797-1801 1801-1809 1809-1817 1817-1825 Presidents

3. Was the country good to go in Sept 1787?

4. Was the country good to go in June 21st,1788?

5. How about when we added Rhode Island?

6. What can you say is probably the number one reason the Constitution was passed in the first place?

7. Because it gave general answers to the big questions!! Our country was immediately faced with answering some of the questions

8. Issues • Supremacy • Limits of Government • Slavery • Indians

9. Have we answered all of the questions today?

10. Anyway, back to the history. Who’s presence probably insured passage of the constitution?

11. George, George, Baby… • April 30th, 1789 • What party was he a member of? • What did he think of foreign entanglements/treaties/involvements?

12. What was promised to get the Constitution passed in the big states? Bill of Rights September 25th, 1789

13. George Washington’s First Cabinet • Secretary of State • Thomas Jefferson • Secretary of the Treasury • Alexander Hamilton • Secretary of War • General Henry Knox • Attorney General • Edmund Randolph

14. Which of the two most disagreed? Hamilton, Jefferson

15. How to interpret the Constitution • Strict Constructionist • Government should only be able to do those things which are specifically stated in the Constitution and are absolutely necessary • Loose Constructionist • Article I, Section 8, Clause 18

16. Alexander Hamilton • Illegitimate child from the Caribbean • Loose constructionist • Leading Federalist • Wanted a national bank

17. Alexander Hamilton • Had a strong desire for a stable and effective government • Need the support of the wealthy and powerful for a good country • Rotate the debt by providing new bonds to pay off the old bonds • People would have a permanent stake in the survival of the country • Believed in an enlightened ruling class

18. Thomas Jefferson • Strict Constructionist • Leading Republican • Against a national bank

19. Wealthy, enlightened class An independent commercial economy Thriving industrial economy Centralized control National supremacy Rural country, agrarian Small independent farmers No big cities Decentralized government States rights Hamilton Jefferson

20. How did the Articles of Confederation raise money? Northwest Land Ordinances

21. Which of the following does not fit? • Kentucky • Ohio • Illinois • Michigan • Indiana • Wisconsin

22. How did Hamilton propose to put the country on a secure financial footing?

23. Which of the following did not pass? • National Bank • Assumption • Funding the debt • Excise tax • Tax on goods produced within a country • Whiskey Tax • Tax on imports • Revenue tariff • Protective tariff

24. Taking over the debt of the Articles of Confederation is called… Funding the debt

25. Taking over the debt of states related to the war is called… Assumption

26. Did all of the parts pass?

27. They all passed • National Bank (1791) • Assumption • Funding the debt • Excise tax • Tax on imports

28. Which one required the biggest compromise? State debt – D.C. would be located near Virginia and Maryland

29. Who did Washington support? Hamilton. While he wasn’t a federalist he was more supportive of their positions

30. The good from Hamilton’s policies • Restored public credit • Bonds were again selling at par • Manufacturers profited from the tariffs • Businesses benefited from the new banking system

31. The bad from Hamilton’s policies • Rise of an opposing party (republicans) • Thomas Jefferson • James Madison??????? • Poor were paying an unfair amount of the taxes • Federalist got the image of catering to the wealthy, and not the common man

32. Most numerous in commercial centers Seaports Favored the British Rural areas South West Favored the French Federalist Republicans

33. Republicans criticisms of the Federalists • Feared the awarding of government franchises (bank) • Appointing of government officials • Buying alliances and support

34. Judiciary Act of 1789 • Created the Supreme Court • Established John Jay as the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court • Created 13 District Courts • Created 3 Circuit Courts

35. 1792 election • Who is the presidential candidate • George Washington • Who is the vice president (again) • John Adams • Federalist accomplishments • Stabilizing of the western lands • Strengthened America’s international position

36. Further Events • Whiskey Rebellion (1794) • 1793 – war between France and G.B. • Are we neutral, or the Treaty of 1778? • Citizen Genet • 1794 – British seizing American ships doing business with French Indies • 1794 – Canadian Governor was inciting the Indians to the North

37. Jay’s Treaty • Commercial relationship with Britain • Undisputed sovereignty over the northwest • Scared the Spanish • Are the Americans and British friends? • It did not resolve the problem of impressment so it was not popular with the people

38. Pinckney’s Treaty • A treaty with the Spanish • America has the right to navigate the Mississippi • Use New Orleans as a port (right of deposit) • Fixed the northern border of Florida • Gave us Alabama and Mississippi • Spain had to help with the Indian Attacks

39. Battle of Fallen Timbers August 1794 General Anthony Wayne Indians gave away land in Ohio and Indiana Treaty of Greenville 1795 Most of the territory of Ohio Tecumseh did not sign the treaty

40. Which states were added by 1800 • Vermont 1791 • Kentucky 1794 • Tennessee 1796

41. What two items did George address in his farewell speech? • Dangers of political parties • factions (Federalist # 10) • Getting involved in European quarrels • neutrality

42. Candidates John Adams Thomas Pinckney Only won by three electoral votes - why? 12th amendment fixes this problem Candidate Thomas Jefferson Election of 1796Federalist Republican

43. X,Y,Z Affair • A response to French ships capturing American ships • Charles Pinckney, John Marshall, Elbridge Gerry • Were asked to provide a bribe, loans • Led to us attacking ships, cutting off trade

44. Quasi War with France • French Captured U.S. ships and imprisoned their crews • Mostly a naval war

45. What good came of the X, Y, Z affair • Made the federalists more popular (for the time) • Increased their majorities in the 1798 elections • Got us out of the agreement of 1778 (we aren’t allied to France anymore) we are truly neutral

47. What was a negative with X, Y, Z affair? • Made the federalists feel like they could protect their turf • Made the biggest mistake in U.S. History • Created the Department of the Navy 1798 • Just kidding

48. With the rise of the second partythe federalists got nervous. • They had a choice between • Liberty • Stability

49. Which did they choose? Stability

50. Alien and Sedition Acts • Alien Act – placed obstacles for people wanting to become citizens • Discouraged immigration • Sedition Act – Government could prosecute those who were in sedition against the government • Arrest/convict ten men who were republican newspaper editors