The Road to American Independence:

1. The Road to American Independence: An Overview of the Events Leading to the Revolutionary War

2. Colonies were divided into • 3 regions • New England – NH, MA, • RI, CT • Middle Colonies – NY, PA, • NJ, MD, Del. • Southern Colonies – VA, • NC, SC, GA

3. 13 Colonies • __________Colonies – mostly came for __________freedom (Pilgrims/Puritans) • Economy was based on________, lumbering, and ______________ • ______Colonies – More of a mix coming for religious freedom and __________opportunities – more diverse backgrounds Economy was based on ________and ______(Furs) ____________ Colonies – mostly came for economic opportunities Economy was based on agriculture –_______,_______, Rice, Indigo

4. Slavery • Much more widely used in the _________colonies – mid 1600’s to 1865 • Between 1517 and 1808, over ___________ people are taken from _____ Africa. _____did not survive to reach America • Slaves were viewed as necessary for the South’s agricultural economy. • ________Trade – three-part voyage • 1. Europe to _______– guns, textiles, _____________goods • 2. Africa to ________–_______Passage – slaves to America - 6 to 8 weeks • 3. America to Europe – sugar, tobacco, cotton etc.

5. North Carolina • Created in 1663 by ________II – named after his father, Charles I • _________________– 8 men who were rewarded for their loyalty to Charles • ______– splits into North and South Carolina • _______– becomes a ______colony under direct control of the King • Original economy –________and lumber/_______ products – most people are small farmers (________) • Original settlers – English,________,___________, Scotch-Irish

6. Early Problems in North Carolina • 1677 –___________Rebellion – NC refused to enforce the ____________Acts • ______– NC’s first town - 1706 • 1700’s – NC’s coast was a prime hiding spot for _________– ___________ • Colonists began to have more conflicts with Native Americans • 1711 –____________War – lasts for two years, Indians upset over colonists taking their land

7. Beginning in the late 1600’s – ______ and _______ competed for control of ______ ________ – Most ______ sided with ______ – series of _____ for control • ______ believed that _______ were trying to take away their ____ trade • _______ believed that the ________ were stopping their ___________ _______ • ______ and ______ War – 1754-1763 – _______ wins • Treaty of ______ – 1763 – peace treaty ending the war • 1. _______ lose all of their North American territories • 2. ________ controls everything _____ of the Mississippi – ______ controls everything west

8. Afterwards, English colonists (pioneers) begin expanding _____ into the ______________ and _____ River Valley - backcountry • Conflicts with Native Americans – Indians did not believe European treaties applied to them – would not give up land – __________ Rebellion - 1763 • ______________ of 1763 – British government wanted to avoid future __________ • 1. Banned British settlers from moving ______ of the Appalachians • 2. Any _________ already there had to move back • Caused great ______ in the colonies and was widely ________ • These conflicts left the British in ___________ difficulty, looking for new ways to pay these ______

9. Mercantilism The colony existed for the __________ benefit of the mother country All ______ _______ were dictated by the mother country ____ ______________ were for the sole benefit of the mother country ___________ _______ were returned to the colonies and sold at a great profit. An early version of ________________ Salutary Neglect England imposed little, to no _____________, over the colonies. Mercantilism satisfied England’s needs Over time, colonists became less __________ and more ______________ The Colonies develop…in spite of England

10. MERCANTILISM: AN ECONOMIC SYSTEM IN WHICH NATIONS SEEK TO INCREASE THEIR WEALTH BY OBTAINING GOLD & SILVER AND WITH A FAVORABLE BALANCE OF TRADE MERCANTILISM

11. England had many ______ from French and Indian War – believed that the __________ should help pay for these • _____________ _____ – 1650-1696 – required colonies to ______ primarily with _________ • Set _____ on some __________ goods for the first time

12. Sugar Act 1764 • British needed ______ to pay back war ______. • George ___________ – British Prime Minister • _____ cent tax on foreign _______. • Higher import tax on non-British ______, _______, indigo, and Madeira Canary _______. • Resulted in… • Banning of ________________ of foreign rum and French wine • Local production _____________. • Colonies begin to __________ British ____________. • Increased ______________

13. No Taxation Without Representation • James ______/Sam ________ – first colonial leaders to ________ out against British ______ • _____________ could not ____ the colonies since the colonies had no _________________ in it. This was ______. • _______________ of ___________________ – spread ______ about British ___ and how to _____ them – ________ - not using a particular good or service

14. Quartering Act 1765 • England kept a standing ______ in the Colonies after the French and Indian War. • Act required colonial assemblies to ________ and ___________ the British soldiers.

15. Americans had to pay a tax on… ________ Legal ___________ _________________ Playing Cards Other Documents Americans had to buy the special _______ to put on these Tax equaled _____ a ________ Resulted in… Stamp Act _________ – asked England to ________ Stamp Act – (take back or end) Colonists’ ___________ of British ______. King George III __________ the Stamp Act on March 18, ______ Stamp Act 1765

16. ______ of _________ – secret ________ group created in _______ – used _________ to protest British acts – created by ____ ________ • Colonists were never asked to pay any taxes that people in _________ were not paying

17. Established a board of customs collectors in Boston. ______ of _____________ – search __________ for ___________ goods Money from taxes paid salaries of British colonial officials. New import taxes… _______ Lead _________ Paper ______ Colonists boycotted all ___________ from England. Daughters of Liberty March, 1770, British repealed all taxes, expect for tax on tea. Townshend Acts 1767

18. The Regulators • __________NC was increasingly unhappy with all political power being held by __________NC – corruption/Embezzlement • ________Palace – _____________________ • ____________– Westerners who refused to pay taxes or follow state government’s laws • Herman _______________ • Battle of __________– May 16, 1770 – Regulators lose

19. Boston Massacre • Sons of Liberty began attacking ____ ________ – British ________ begin arriving in _____ in ____ to restore order • ________ ___________ – March 5, ____ – five colonists are killed by British soldiers (Crispus Attucks – free black) • Sons of Liberty used this as _______________ (only telling one side of the story) against British • _____ ________ defended the British in court case • All but _____ British soldiers found ____ _________ – the two get light punishments

20. Created to save the ailing ______ ________ _____________. The Company could sell its _________ ___ in the American colonies. The act retained the import tax on tea (Townshend Acts). _ _________ per pound This Tax resulted in the _______ ___ _______. Tea Act 1773

21. The Boston Tea Party – First One - December 16, 1773 • Group of men disguised as Blacks and _______ Indians. • Led by Samuel Adams. • Dumped ____ chests of British ____ into the Boston Harbor. • March 17, 1774 – Second Boston Tea Party – cost between the two was over __ ________ dollars.

22. INTOLERABLE ACTS (COERCIVE ACTS) • ____________ Acts – 1774 – shut down Boston • Disbanded Massachusetts ____________ • Put Massachusetts under __________ rule • – made colonists even angrier since it _________ their ______ as ________ citizens • Proposed total boycott of British goods – (refusal to buy or use) • ___________ Tea Party – Penelope __________

23. “No Taxation Without Representation!” First Continental Congress Meets in Philadelphia September 1774