Chapter 30- Revolution and Nationalism

Chapter 30- Revolution and Nationalism 1900-1939

Section 1- Revolutions in Russia • The cruel, oppressive rule of most of the czars caused social unrest. • Czars Alexander III and Nicholas II utilized harsh measures like censorship and a secret police force. • Rapid industrialization stirred discontent among the Russian people.

Revolutionary Movement • The Marxist revolutionaries believed that the industrial class would overthrow the czar. • The major leader of the Bolsheviks was Lenin.

WWI • Before a year had passed, 4 million Russian soldiers had been killed, wounded, or taken prisoner. • Russia’s involvement in WWI revealed the weaknesses of czarist rule.

The March Revolution • Local work protests exploded into a general uprising. • Czar Nicholas II abdicates the throne and is executed a year later. • Lenin returns to Russia in 1917.

The Bolshevik Revolution • Lenin and the Bolsheviks gained control of major Russian cities. • Lenin ordered all farmland to be distributed to the peasants. • Control of the factories was given to the workers.

Historical ID- Lenin p.868 • Please complete a historical ID on V.I. Lenin. • Make sure to include who he was, what he did, when he was around, where he was from, and why he should be remembered.

Bullet Notes 871-873 • Bolsheviks in Power • What country did Russia sign a peace treaty with? • Civil War Rages in Russia • What was the Bolsheviks new challenge? • What was the desire that united the White army? • When did the Civil War rage in Russia? • How many Russians perished as a result of the Civil War? • Comparing World Revolutions • What revolution was the Russian revolution more like? • Lenin Restores Order • New Economic Policy • What was Lenin’s new economic policy called? • When did Russia’s farms and factories finally recover?

Bullet Notes Continued… • Political Reforms • What did the Bolsheviks view as a threat? • What was the country renamed in 19022? • What did the Bolsheviks rename their party? • Stalin Becomes Dictator • What three words does the book use to describe Stalin? • What does Stalin mean? • What was Lenin’s view of Stalin? • When does Stalin take total control of the communist party?

30-2 Joseph Stalin • Stalin dramatically transformed the government of the Soviet Union. • Stalin controlled the government, economy, and many other aspects of Russian society.

The Purges • He began building his totalitarian state by eliminating his enemies. • Stalin’s secret police arrested and executed millions of so-called traitors. • During the Great Purge, Stalin is believed to be responsible for 8-13 million Russian deaths.

Control • Stalin’s government controlled all sources of information. • Communists aimed to replace religious teachings with the ideals of communism.

Stalin’s Policies • Stalin sacrificed the production of consumer goods for increased production of steel, coal, and oil. • Stalin divided all of the farms into government–owned farms, called collective farms. • By the mid 1930s, Stalin had transformed the Soviet Union into an industrial and political power.

Timeline • Make a timeline of events that led to the Russian Revolution.

Letter from Grigori Letter from Grigori Tokaty recalling Stalin’s’ brutal policies. • Read the letter. • 1. What were the two “tragic campaigns” discussed by Tokaty? • 2. What ethnic group was being liquidated? • 3. What were the party-purges aimed at? • 4. Why would Stalin want to eliminate the critical minds? • 5. What is one major consequence of eliminating those with a critical mind?

Soviet Propaganda • What the October Revolution has given to working and peasant women…

Soviet Propaganda • Let's send millions of qualified worker cadres to the 518 new factories and production units

Chapter 30 Section 3- China’s Communist Revolution • Post WWII-Chinese Nationalists and Communists began a mad scramble to seize territory that had been occupied by the Japanese. • The two sides were interested in the arsenals and technology that the Japanese had left behind. • The Communists were at an advantage since the bulk of the occupied territories were in the north of China.

Civil War • The Communists and the Nationalists could not come to an agreements about troop size or the autonomy of communist controlled areas. • Chiang (Nationalist leader) attacked communist territories and the civil war began. • Chiang's army seized over a hundred thousand square miles of communist territory. (initial victory)

Communist Victory • The Nationalist Army had been spreading and thinning out the troops available to fight the Red Army. • The Red Army had been steadily growing all throughout 1946 and 1947. • In the last year of the civil war, the communists inflicted over a million and a half casualties on the Nationalist Army. • The Nationalist Army simply disintegrated in mid-1949.

People’s Republic of China • On October 1, 1949, Mao declared the establishment of the People's Republic of China. • The Nationalist government fled across the sea to Taiwan. • Today, China consists of two governments: the mainland Communist government and the Taiwanese Nationalist government.

Historical ID- p.974 • Please complete a historical ID on Mao Zedong. • Make sure to include who he was, what he did, where he was from, when he was around, and why he should be remembered.

30-4 Bullet Notes p.887-889 • Setting the Stage • Where was nationalist activity stirring? • What did Indians begin to apply to politics? • Indian Nationalism Grows • What two groups formed to rid India of British rule? • WWI Increases Nationalist Activity • What did the British government promise to those Indians that enlisted? • What was the Rowlatt Acts? • Amritsar Massacre • Why did 10,000 Indians gather? • What alarmed the British? • How many Indians were killed at Amritsar?

30-4 Bullet Notes Cont… • Gandhi’s Tactics of Nonviolence • Who emerged as the leader of the independence movement? • From where did Gandhi’s strategy evolve? • Noncooperation • What is civil disobedience? • Boycotts • What did Gandhi call on the Indians to refuse? • Why did the spinning wheel come to represent the Indian resistance? • Strikes and Demonstrations • Despite Gandhi’s pleas for nonviolence… • The Salt March • What were the Salt Acts?

Chapter 30 Quiz • _________ stirred discontent among the Russian People. • The major leader of the Bolsheviks was ________. • What did Russia’s involvement in the war reveal about the czar? • Who did Lenin give all the farmland to? • Once the Bolsheviks were in power, who did they sign a peace treaty with? • What revolution was the Russian revolution more like? • What was the country renamed in 1922? • What does Stalin mean? • During the Great Purge, Stalin is believed to be responsible for _________ Russian deaths. • What did Stalin sacrifice for increased production of steel, coal, and oil? • Who was the leader of the Red Army in China? • Who promised democracy and political rights? • Who would the United States support? • What two groups formed to rid India of British rule? • What did Gandhi call on Indians to refuse?

Chapter 30- Revolution and Nationalism