Today, we will use effective 1 subordination to write a complex sentence.

1. Types of verbs Action: eat, fly, jump Mental: think, guess, believe State of being: is, be, are, was Possession: has, have Learning Objective Name _____________________ Today, we will use effective1 subordination to write a complex sentence. 1 useful (synonym) CFU What are we going to do today? What does effective mean? Effective means __________________________________. Activate (or provide) Prior Knowledge A verb is a word that shows action, state of being, or possession. The subject is the word that names who or what does the action. A simple sentence has a subject and a verb. Are these simple sentences? Why? A The Giant Clam grew six feet wide. B The Giant Clam feeds on plant and animal matter. S V S V CFU Teacher completes sentence A; students complete sentence B. Identify the subjects and the verbs. Students, you already know that a simple sentence has a subject and verb. Today, we will call a simple sentence an independent clause. We use independent clauses with subordinating conjunctions to make complex sentences. Today, we will use effective subordination to write a complex sentence.

2. Types of verbs Action: eat, fly, jump Mental: think, guess, believe State of being: is, be, are, was Possession: has, have Go to Skill Dev. #1 Go to Skill Dev. #2 • Concept Development • A complex sentence has one independent clause and one dependent clause. • The independent clause has a subject and a verb . • The dependent clause has a subject, a verb, a subordinating conjunction , and it cannot stand alone as a sentence. The subordinating conjunction shows a relationship2 between the two clauses. • If the dependent clause comes first, a comma is inserted3 between the clauses. • If the dependent clause comes second, no comma is needed. 2 connection (synonym) 3 put in Examples: Not an example of a complex sentence: In the backyard, the dog barked and howled. CFU What is the difference between an independent clause and a dependent clause? What is the difference between the Time and Cause & Effect relationships? Explain. How does the example sentence for ‘condition’ show the relationship? Explain. Why does “The fish in the lake will die unless we stop polluting the water.” not have a comma? Which sentence shows the correct relationship? Explain. A Although dolphins live in the ocean, dolphins are not fish. B In recent years, scientists have discovered that dolphins can communicate with each other. In your own words, explain what a complex sentence is. A complex sentence is _____________________.

3. Types of verbs Action: eat, fly, jump Mental: think, guess, believe State of being: is, be, are, was Possession: has, have Concept Development (Clarification and CFU) A complex sentencehas one independent clause and one dependent clause. • The independent clause has a subject and a verb . • The dependent clause has a subject, a verb, a subordinating conjunction , and it cannot stand alone as a sentence. The subordinating conjunction shows a relationship2 between the two clauses. • If the dependent clause comes first, a comma is inserted3 between the clauses. • If the dependent clause comes second, no comma is needed. The anaconda catches its prey. The anaconda swallows it whole. (independent clause) (independent clause) Complex sentence After , the anaconda catches its prey the anaconda swallows it whole. (dependent clause) (independent clause) anacondas do not eat again for several months. A After a large meal, simple sentence B When an anaconda hunts, it waits underwater for an animal to stop by for a drink. complex sentence CFU On your whiteboard, write “complex sentence” or “simple sentence”. Explain your answer.

4. Skill Development/Guided Practice (#1) Types of verbs Action: eat, fly, jump Mental: think, guess, believe State of being: is, be, are, was Possession: has, have A complex sentencehas one independent clause and one dependent clause. • The independent clause has a subject and a verb. • The dependent clause has a subject, a verb, a subordinating conjunction, and it cannot stand alone as a sentence. The subordinating conjunction shows a relationship between the two clauses. Use effective subordination to write a complex sentence. When a mosquito bites you, it sucks your blood. Rome ruled a very large area before the empire collapsed. Since amphibians are cold blooded, they depend on the sun to maintain their body temperature. Barn owls rest during the daytime hours because they are nocturnal. CFU (#2) How did I/you identify the correct relationship between the sentences? (#2a) How did I/you determine the subordinating conjunction to use? (#3) How did I/you combine the sentences? Back to Concept Development

5. Types of verbs Action: eat, fly, jump Mental: think, guess, believe State of being: is, be, are, was Possession: has, have Skill Development/Guided Practice (#2) A complex sentencehas one independent clause and one dependent clause. • The independent clause has a subject and a verb. • The dependent clause has a subject, a verb, a subordinating conjunction, and it cannot stand alone as a sentence. The subordinating conjunction shows a relationship between the two clauses. Use effective subordination to write a complex sentence. Although penguins are birds, they cannot fly. Reptiles do not live in Antarctica even though they inhabit nearly every continent. If an animal has no predators, the population will become too large for the environment to support. Many animals will become extinct unless we save the rainforest. CFU (#2) How did I/you identify the correct relationship between the sentences? (#2a) How did I/you determine the subordinating conjunction to use? (#3) How did I/you combine the sentences?

6. Types of verbs Action: eat, fly, jump Mental: think, guess, believe State of being: is, be, are, was Possession: has, have Skill Development/Guided Practice (#2 continued) A complex sentencehas one independent clause and one dependent clause. • The independent clause has a subject and a verb. • The dependent clause has a subject, a verb, a subordinating conjunction, and it cannot stand alone as a sentence. The subordinating conjunction shows a relationship between the two clauses. Use effective subordination to write a complex sentence. Wherever the mamma bear goes, the cubs will follow. The scientist looked for the rare bird in the tallest tree where the bird often hides. CFU (#2) How did I/you identify the correct relationship between the sentences? (#2a) How did I/you determine the subordinating conjunction to use? (#3) How did I/you combine the sentences?

7. Importance A complex sentencehas one independent clause and one dependent clause. • The independent clause has a subject and a verb. • The dependent clause has a subject, a verb, a subordinating conjunction, and it cannot stand alone as a sentence. The subordinating conjunction shows a relationship between the two clauses. 1. Using effective subordination to write a complex sentence will help you express6 relationships between ideas. 6 show 1. I went to the store. 2. I ate breakfast. Complex sentence: After I went to the store, I ate breakfast. 2. Using effective subordination to write a complex sentence will help you do well on tests. CFU Does anyone else have another reason why it is important to use effective subordination to write a complex sentence? (pair-share). Why is it important to use effective subordination to write a complex sentence? You may give me one of my reasons or one of your own. Which reason is the most important to you? Why?

8. Types of verbs Action: eat, fly, jump Mental: think, guess, believe State of being: is, be, are, was Possession: has, have A complex sentencehas one independent clause and one dependent clause. • The independent clause has a subject and a verb. • The dependent clause has a subject, a verb, a subordinating conjunction, and it cannot stand alone as a sentence. The subordinating conjunction shows a relationship between the two clauses. Concept Closure Juan read the sentence, “Rhinos will become extinct unless the killers can be stopped.” Juan determined that this was an opposition relationship. Why is he incorrect? Skill ClosureUse effective subordination to write a complex sentence. When a baby giraffe is born, it falls from a height of six feet without being hurt. The Spanish easily defeated the Aztecs because they had better weapons. Summary Closure What did you learn today about using complex sentences? Day 1___________________________________________________________________________________ Day 2___________________________________________________________________________________

9. Types of verbs Action: eat, fly, jump Mental: think, guess, believe State of being: is, be, are, was Possession: has, have Independent Practice Name _____________________________ A complex sentencehas one independent clause and one dependent clause. • The independent clause has a subject and a verb. • The dependent clause has a subject, a verb, a subordinating conjunction, and it cannot stand alone as a sentence. The subordinating conjunction shows a relationship between the two clauses. Use effective subordination to write a complex sentence. Before the transcontinental railroad was built, people had to travel by covered wagon. Since reptiles are cold blooded, they depend on heat from the sun to maintain their body temperature. Although squid mainly eat krill, they have been known to prey on large fish. If a kangaroo didn’t have a tail, it wouldn’t be able to hop. Alaska is on a plate boundary, where one plate is sliding along another.

10. Types of verbs Action: eat, fly, jump Mental: think, guess, believe State of being: is, be, are, was Possession: has, have Independent Practice (continued) A complex sentencehas one independent clause and one dependent clause. • The independent clause has a subject and a verb. • The dependent clause has a subject, a verb, a subordinating conjunction, and it cannot stand alone as a sentence. The subordinating conjunction shows a relationship between the two clauses. Use effective subordination to write a complex sentence. Mountains change drastically after landslides occur. The emerald tree boa can strike an animal in the dark because it has infrared heat receptors. Rottweilers are considered aggressive dogs, even though they are good with kids. Dogs are not happy unless they are with a pack. The energy created by an earthquake travels in waves from the epicenter where they are the strongest.

11. Types of verbs Action: eat, fly, jump Mental: think, guess, believe State of being: is, be, are, was Possession: has, have Periodic Review 1 Name _____________________________ A complex sentencehas one independent clause and one dependent clause. • The independent clause has a subject and a verb. • The dependent clause has a subject, a verb, a subordinating conjunction, and it cannot stand alone as a sentence. The subordinating conjunction shows a relationship between the two clauses. Use effective subordination to write a complex sentence. Life changed for the Native Americans after the Spaniards arrived. All elephants walk tip-toed because the heel of an elephant’s foot is made up of all fat and no bone. If California is compared to other places on a world map, it is actually small in size. Athens is seen as the birthplace of democracy where a large number of the population had a say in what was happening. Many plants get their energy from sunlight although more than 600 species of plants are carnivorous.

12. Types of verbs Action: eat, fly, jump Mental: think, guess, believe State of being: is, be, are, was Possession: has, have Periodic Review 2 Name _____________________________ A complex sentencehas one independent clause and one dependent clause. • The independent clause has a subject and a verb. • The dependent clause has a subject, a verb, a subordinating conjunction, and it cannot stand alone as a sentence. The subordinating conjunction shows a relationship between the two clauses. Use effective subordination to write a complex sentence. The Pygmy Parrot is the smallest living bird since it only grows to a length of eight centimeters. History began when humans began to read and write. Although the number of barn owls has severely decreased over the years, they are not considered to be a threatened species. The second deadliest earthquake was in 1977 near Tangshan, China, where over 250,000 people were killed. Unless we replenish the trees that are cut down, the rainforest cannot be saved.

13. Types of verbs Action: eat, fly, jump Mental: think, guess, believe State of being: is, be, are, was Possession: has, have Periodic Review 3 Name _____________________________ A complex sentencehas one independent clause and one dependent clause. • The independent clause has a subject and a verb. • The dependent clause has a subject, a verb, a subordinating conjunction, and it cannot stand alone as a sentence. The subordinating conjunction shows a relationship between the two clauses. Use effective subordination to write a complex sentence. Since the Emancipation Proclamation freed the slaves, many slaves joined the Union army. When toads swim underwater, they breathe by absorbing oxygen through their skin. Wherever the Earth’s plates move against each other, earthquakes occur with great force. The barn owl will become a threatened species if the barn owl’s habitat continues to diminish. Sacramento is the capital of California even though it is not the largest city.

14. Blank Page