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Immune System

Immune System . Immune System. Resistance : the body’s ability to counteract foreign invaders Susceptibility : a lack of resistance Nonspecific resistance : directed at all pathogens Inflammation, phagocytes Proteins: complement and interferon. Immune System.

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Immune System

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  1. Immune System

  2. Immune System • Resistance: the body’s ability to counteract foreign invaders • Susceptibility: a lack of resistance • Nonspecificresistance: directed at all pathogens • Inflammation, phagocytes • Proteins: complement and interferon

  3. Immune System • Interferon: protein formed when a virus is introduced • Phagocytosis: the ingestion and destruction of microorganisms • Phag(o) = to eat • WBCs are phagocytes

  4. Immune System • Specificresistance: specific response for certain pathogens • Cell-mediatedimmunity (T-lymphocytes or T cells) • Antibody-mediatedimmunity (B-lymphocytes or B cells)

  5. Immune System • Antibodies: formed against foreign substances (immunoglobins) • Found in the liquid parts the blood (plasma) • Develop antibodies by having the disease or a vaccination against the disease

  6. Immune System • Antigen: a foreign substance that induces production of antibodies • Hypersensitivity: a heightened reaction to an antigen • Anaphylaxis or anaphylactic reactions: life-threatening hypersensitivity reactions • -phylaxis = protection

  7. Immune System • Allergies: conditions where the body reacts with an exaggerated immune response to common, harmless substances • Allergen: substance that produces an allergic reaction • Allergicreaction: injured cells release histamine which causes inflammation of the capillaries, an increase of gastric secretion and contraction of smooth muscle of several internal organs • Antihistamine: acts against histamines

  8. Immune System • Vaccination: any injection or ingestion of an inactivated microbe to induce immunity • Toxoids: contains toxins that force our bodies to produce antibodies • Cytotoxin: has harmful effects on cells • Toxicity: the virulence of a toxin

  9. Immune System • Immunocompromised: an immune response that has been weakened by a disease • Immunosuppressive agent: suppresses the immune response • Transplant: to transfer tissue • During a transplant, immunosuppressive drugs are used to suppress the body’s immune response

  10. Cellular Needs • Cells need 3 things constantly: • Water, oxygen and nutrients • Hydr(o) = water • -ous = pertaining to • Hydrous? • Pertaining to water • Hydrocephaly? • Water in the head • Accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the skull

  11. Cellular Needs • Shunt: redirect the flow of body fluid • Aerobic: requiring oxygen • Aer(o) = air or gas • Mucus: slimy material produced by mucous membranes • Muc(o) = mucus • Pus: the liquid product of infection • Abscess: a collection of pus in a cavity

  12. Cellular Needs • Hematoma: a collection of blood, usually clotted, in an organ, space or tissue • Result of a break in the wall of a blood vessel • Bruises are hematomas • Hemothorax? • Blood in the chest • Blood or bloody fluid in the lung cavity

  13. Cellular Needs • Melan(o) = black • Melancholy: a person who is sad or depressed • Melanin: the dark pigment of the skin and hair • Melanoma: a tumor composed of black cells (Always malignant) • Melanocyte? • Black cell

  14. Cellular Needs • Chlor(o) = green • -opia = vision • Chloropia: green vision • Xanth(o) = yellow • Xanthoderma: yellow skin • Xanthosis? • Yellow condition (jaundice) • Xanthochromia: any yellowish discoloration

  15. Cellular Needs

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