Unit 11: Industrial Revolution

1. Unit 11:Industrial Revolution

2. Essential question:how did the industrial & economic revolutions change the world?

3. I. Industrial Revolution DEF – fundamental changes in the way goods are made • began in BR in 1700s • intro mass production – lg. scale production of identical goods

4. I. Industrial Revolution • Causes (reasons why ENG led) 1.Geography – harbors, rivers, abundant coal – island is hard to invade but close to EUR markets

5. I. Industrial Revolution 2.Empire – thx to colonies, had lg. amt. raw materials; cities grew 3.Transportation & Comm. – excellent newspapers, postal service, most powerful navy, canals, & ports

6. I. Industrial Revolution 4.Social – powerful middle class part. in gov., promoted free enterprise, brought capital ($) & labor together 5.Ag. improvements – use science to boost productivity (enclosure, crop rotation) fewer farmers needed

7. I. Industrial Revolution 6. Allowed more experimental approach to improving production 7. William Wilberforce works to abolish slavery in ENG & empire

8. I. Industrial Revolution B.NewInnovations –cause huge increase in manufactured goods 1.Spinning Jenny – spun many threads at once instead of 1 2.James Watt – improved steam engine – available to power factories – new source of power

9. I. Industrial Revolution 3. Domestic to Factory System – - w/ factories – all workers & products are in 1 bldg. - machines replace workers - items produced at greater rate

10. I. Industrial Revolution - price of cloth decreased & demand rose - import of cotton from US very important - add T. Edison invention light bulb to factories – operate 24 hrs.

11. I. Industrial Revolution 4. Working conditions – owners got rich & factory conditions were appalling - very low $ + long hours -create pollution problem - children need to clear machine jams & pay even lower for same job

12. I. Industrial Revolution

13. I. Industrial Revolution

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15. I. Industrial Revolution • Women expected to fulfill domestic role • w/ factories – life changed – many left farms to wk in factories – men, women, children: + & - + mom, dad & kids earn $ - Family spread out, horrible cond., no education, diseases common

16. I. Industrial Revolution 5. Urbanization – fewer farmers needed so moved to cities to work in factories - cities very crowded & unsanitary - factory smoke = pollution

17. I. Industrial Revolution 6. Transportation – accelerated advances in industrialization - locomotives (made coal, iron, steel industry grow - steam engine (made water transport faster)

18. I. Industrial Revolution • Improvements in chemical, steel & other industries led to 2ndInd Rev. • Thomas Edison - light bulb, motion pix, phonograph (based on electricity) • Marie Curie – studied radioactivity – discovered radium & 1st woman to win Nobel Prize

19. II. Changes in European society 1.Ind Rev led to new middle class: merchants, landowners, bankers 2. These dev free enterprise system aka capitalism (eco system based on private ownership & investment of wealth for profit)

20. 19th Century Capitalism: • Entrepreneur: own, organize & manage factories – hope for profit • The Worker – left farms for cities, provided labor force & low pay • The Government – followed laissez-faire (gov didn’t interfere)

21. II. Changes in European society 3.Louis Pasteur improved Ind Rev conditions – said diseases were from germs – pioneered heating liquids to kill germs

22. III. Reform Movements (Started in ENG then hit EUR) • Social Reforms - caused by conditions in mines - Par. banned women & children from mines, limit wk day to 10 hours & safer working conditions - Queen Victoria favored these

23. III. Reform Movements B. Municipal Reforms - made cities cleaner - drinking water is safer - intro sewer systems (prevent spread of diseases) - street lamps make safe street - free public elem. schools

24. III. Reform Movements C. Unions(assoc. of workers) - join to demand better working conditions or strike

25. III. Reform Movements D. Political - Reform Bill of 1832 – gave voting rts to mid class & recognized new towns in Par. - these reforms should prevent rev. - ENG - all males vote – no women

26. IV. Economics -Ppl have wants & needs but have limited resources -society must determine 3 things: 1. what should be produced 2. how should it be produced 3. who should get it -some societies answer these w/ eco freedom

27. IV. Economics • Free Enterprise System (Capitalism) 1. ppl free to make own decisions 2.invest time & $ in private business – hope to make a profit 3. attract consumers w/ quality or go out of business (competition + supply & demand)

28. Law of Supply & Demand High Demand/ Short Supply Low Demand/ Large Supply Prices Prices

29. IV. Economics 4.Adam Smith – 1st to explain free ent. in bkThe Wealth of Nations (1776) -eliminate ag to build business - each person pursues own interests but “invisible hand” guides actions so they work for common good - favored laissez-faire or “hands off”

30. IV. Economics B. Socialism DEF - Factors of production are owned by the public & operate for the good of all 1. born as pol. movement in response to injustices of industry workers. 2. these reformers want limited gov ownership of businesses

31. IV. Economics 3. they want laws passed to protect workers rts. 4.The gov should plan the eco – this would abolish poverty & promote equality

32. IV. Economics C. Communism (Marxism) 1. Karl Marx’s ideas are basis for communism published Communist Manifesto 1848.

33. IV. Economics 2.no private property & no social classes 3.cooperation replaces competition 4.Ind Rev caused Marx theory of Communism 5. Industry benefits wealthy & exploits workers

34. V. Effects of the Ind Rev • Growth of mid class & began to demand changes in gov. • Rise in standard of living • Workers moved from villages to cities