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FC.83 FILLING IN THE GAPS: VOYAGES OF LATER EXPLORATION (c.1550-1900)

A. FC.83 FILLING IN THE GAPS: VOYAGES OF LATER EXPLORATION (c.1550-1900). State of geographic knowledge c.1550?. A. FC.83 FILLING IN THE GAPS: VOYAGES OF LATER EXPLORATION (c.1550-1900).

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FC.83 FILLING IN THE GAPS: VOYAGES OF LATER EXPLORATION (c.1550-1900)

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  1. A FC.83 FILLING IN THE GAPS: VOYAGES OF LATER EXPLORATION (c.1550-1900) State of geographic knowledge c.1550?

  2. A FC.83 FILLING IN THE GAPS: VOYAGES OF LATER EXPLORATION (c.1550-1900) State of geographic knowledge c.1500: Outline of S. Amer. & E. coast of N. Amer., existence of Pacific Ocean, & size of globe (FC.81)

  3. NW Passage FC.83 FILLING IN THE GAPS: VOYAGES OF LATER EXPLORATION (c.1550-1900) Search for NW Passage through N. Am. to Asia State of geographic knowledge c.1500: Outline of S. Amer. & E. coast of N. Amer., existence of Pacific Ocean, & size of globe (FC.81)

  4. NW Passage Jacques Cartier- 2 exped’s for Francis I of Fr. FC.83 FILLING IN THE GAPS: VOYAGES OF LATER EXPLORATION (c.1550-1900) Search for NW Passage through N. Am. to Asia State of geographic knowledge c.1500: Outline of S. Amer. & E. coast of N. Amer., existence of Pacific Ocean, & size of globe (FC.81)

  5. NW Passage Jacques Cartier- 2 exped’s for Francis I of Fr. 1534- Cartier: "the land that God gave Cain FC.83 FILLING IN THE GAPS: VOYAGES OF LATER EXPLORATION (c.1550-1900) Search for NW Passage through N. Am. to Asia State of geographic knowledge c.1500: Outline of S. Amer. & E. coast of N. Amer., existence of Pacific Ocean, & size of globe (FC.81)

  6. NW Passage Jacques Cartier- 2 exped’s for Francis I of Fr. 1534- Cartier: "the land that God gave Cain 1535-6- Explored as far as present-day Montreal FC.83 FILLING IN THE GAPS: VOYAGES OF LATER EXPLORATION (c.1550-1900) Search for NW Passage through N. Am. to Asia State of geographic knowledge c.1500: Outline of S. Amer. & E. coast of N. Amer., existence of Pacific Ocean, & size of globe (FC.81)

  7. Like most European explorers, Cartier claimed new lands for his religion and then for his king. Here he points to a cross emblazoned with the French royal fleur de lis as he claims Canada (Iroquois for settlement) for France. This claim would have serious repercussions through the French and Indian Wars in the 1700s.

  8. Cartier fires his cannon to overawe the Iroquois, an effect that didn’t last very long. Cartier’s men collected what they thought were gold and diamonds, only to be told on their return to France they were only quartz and iron pyrite. This gave rise to the French expression "faux comme les diamants du Canada" ("As false as Canadian diamonds").

  9. NW Passage Jacques Cartier- 2 exped’s for Francis I of Fr. 1534- Cartier: "the land that God gave Cain 1535-6- Explored as far as present-day Montreal 1576- Martin Frobisher & the "Mongols" FC.83 FILLING IN THE GAPS: VOYAGES OF LATER EXPLORATION (c.1550-1900) Search for NW Passage through N. Am. to Asia English explore Arctic regions of N. America State of geographic knowledge c.1500: Outline of S. Amer. & E. coast of N. Amer., existence of Pacific Ocean, & size of globe (FC.81)

  10. NW Passage Jacques Cartier- 2 exped’s for Francis I of Fr. 1534- Cartier: "the land that God gave Cain 1535-6- Explored as far as present-day Montreal 1576- Martin Frobisher & the "Mongols" 1580's- John Baffin finds Baffin Island! FC.83 FILLING IN THE GAPS: VOYAGES OF LATER EXPLORATION (c.1550-1900) Search for NW Passage through N. Am. to Asia English explore Arctic regions of N. America State of geographic knowledge c.1500: Outline of S. Amer. & E. coast of N. Amer., existence of Pacific Ocean, & size of globe (FC.81)

  11. NW Passage Jacques Cartier- 2 exped’s for Francis I of Fr. 1534- Cartier: "the land that God gave Cain 1535-6- Explored as far as present-day Montreal 1576- Martin Frobisher & the "Mongols" 1580's- John Baffin finds Baffin Island! FC.83 FILLING IN THE GAPS: VOYAGES OF LATER EXPLORATION (c.1550-1900) Search for NW Passage through N. Am. to Asia English explore Arctic regions of N. America Henry Hudson explores Hudson Bay (1610), but finds no NW Passage State of geographic knowledge c.1500: Outline of S. Amer. & E. coast of N. Amer., existence of Pacific Ocean, & size of globe (FC.81)

  12. Henry Hudson’s first voyage was heavily influenced by Robert Thorne’s theory that "...there is no doubt, but sailing Northward and passing the Pole, descending to the Equinoctial line, we shall arrive at the Islands of Cathay, and it should be a much shorter way than any other.”--Robert Thorne, 1527. Although he failed to reach China (Cathay) he did come within 600 miles of the North Pole and discovered Spitzbergen Island, which proved to be a valuable whaling area.

  13. Hudson’s most important discovery was Hudson Bay, which proved to be another dead end in the search for the Northwest Passage.

  14. The harsh winter conditions and hunger drove Hudson’s sailors to mutiny, setting him and his son John adrift in a rowboat.

  15. NW Passage Jacques Cartier- 2 exped’s for Francis I of Fr. 1534- Cartier: "the land that God gave Cain 1535-6- Explored as far as present-day Montreal 1576- Martin Frobisher & the "Mongols" 1580's- John Baffin finds Baffin Island! FC.83 FILLING IN THE GAPS: VOYAGES OF LATER EXPLORATION (c.1550-1900) Search for NW Passage through N. Am. to Asia English explore Arctic regions of N. America Henry Hudson explores Hudson Bay (1610), but finds no NW Passage No practical NW Passage ever found State of geographic knowledge c.1500: Outline of S. Amer. & E. coast of N. Amer., existence of Pacific Ocean, & size of globe (FC.81)

  16. NW Passage Jacques Cartier- 2 exped’s for Francis I of Fr. 1534- Cartier: "the land that God gave Cain 1535-6- Explored as far as present-day Montreal 1576- Martin Frobisher & the "Mongols" 1580's- John Baffin finds Baffin Island! NE Passage FC.83 FILLING IN THE GAPS: VOYAGES OF LATER EXPLORATION (c.1550-1900) Search for NW Passage through N. Am. to Asia English explore Arctic regions of N. America Henry Hudson explores Hudson Bay (1610), but finds no NW Passage No practical NW Passage ever found Search for NE Passage N. of Scandinavia State of geographic knowledge c.1500: Outline of S. Amer. & E. coast of N. Amer., existence of Pacific Ocean, & size of globe (FC.81)

  17. NW Passage Jacques Cartier- 2 exped’s for Francis I of Fr. 1534- Cartier: "the land that God gave Cain 1535-6- Explored as far as present-day Montreal 1576- Martin Frobisher & the "Mongols" 1580's- John Baffin finds Baffin Island! NE Passage - Vegetable lamb FC.83 FILLING IN THE GAPS: VOYAGES OF LATER EXPLORATION (c.1550-1900) Search for NW Passage through N. Am. to Asia English explore Arctic regions of N. America Henry Hudson explores Hudson Bay (1610), but finds no NW Passage No practical NW Passage ever found Eng. Richard Chancellor reaches Russian port Archangel, but gets no further Search for NE Passage N. of Scandinavia State of geographic knowledge c.1500: Outline of S. Amer. & E. coast of N. Amer., existence of Pacific Ocean, & size of globe (FC.81) Baaaa Baaaa Baaaa Baaaa Baaaa

  18. NW Passage Jacques Cartier- 2 exped’s for Francis I of Fr. 1534- Cartier: "the land that God gave Cain 1535-6- Explored as far as present-day Montreal 1576- Martin Frobisher & the "Mongols" 1580's- John Baffin finds Baffin Island! NE Passage - Vegetable lamb FC.83 FILLING IN THE GAPS: VOYAGES OF LATER EXPLORATION (c.1550-1900) Search for NW Passage through N. Am. to Asia English explore Arctic regions of N. America Henry Hudson explores Hudson Bay (1610), but finds no NW Passage No practical NW Passage ever found Eng. Richard Chancellor reaches Russian port Archangel, but gets no further Various Dutch explorers also try, but fail to find NE Passage Search for NE Passage N. of Scandinavia State of geographic knowledge c.1500: Outline of S. Amer. & E. coast of N. Amer., existence of Pacific Ocean, & size of globe (FC.81)

  19. NW Passage Jacques Cartier- 2 exped’s for Francis I of Fr. 1534- Cartier: "the land that God gave Cain 1535-6- Explored as far as present-day Montreal 1576- Martin Frobisher & the "Mongols" 1580's- John Baffin finds Baffin Island! NE Passage - Vegetable lamb - A. E. Nordenskjold FC.83 FILLING IN THE GAPS: VOYAGES OF LATER EXPLORATION (c.1550-1900) Search for NW Passage through N. Am. to Asia English explore Arctic regions of N. America Henry Hudson explores Hudson Bay (1610), but finds no NW Passage No practical NW Passage ever found Eng. Richard Chancellor reaches Russian port Archangel, but gets no further Various Dutch explorers also try, but fail to find NE Passage Search for NE Passage N. of Scandinavia Passage found in 1878 & kept open by Russian ice breakers State of geographic knowledge c.1500: Outline of S. Amer. & E. coast of N. Amer., existence of Pacific Ocean, & size of globe (FC.81)

  20. NW Passage Jacques Cartier- 2 exped’s for Francis I of Fr. 1534- Cartier: "the land that God gave Cain 1535-6- Explored as far as present-day Montreal 1576- Martin Frobisher & the "Mongols" 1580's- John Baffin finds Baffin Island! NE Passage - Vegetable lamb - A. E. Nordenskjold FC.83 FILLING IN THE GAPS: VOYAGES OF LATER EXPLORATION (c.1550-1900) Search for NW Passage through N. Am. to Asia English explore Arctic regions of N. America Henry Hudson explores Hudson Bay (1610), but finds no NW Passage No practical NW Passage ever found Try to find Strait b/w Asia & N. Amer.  Otherwise NE Passage would be useless Eng. Richard Chancellor reaches Russian port Archangel, but gets no further Various Dutch explorers also try, but fail to find NE Passage Search for NE Passage N. of Scandinavia Passage found in 1878 & kept open by Russian ice breakers State of geographic knowledge c.1500: Outline of S. Amer. & E. coast of N. Amer., existence of Pacific Ocean, & size of globe (FC.81) Sarah Palin’s house

  21. NW Passage Jacques Cartier- 2 exped’s for Francis I of Fr. 1534- Cartier: "the land that God gave Cain 1535-6- Explored as far as present-day Montreal 1576- Martin Frobisher & the "Mongols" 1580's- John Baffin finds Baffin Island! NE Passage - Vegetable lamb - A. E. Nordenskjold FC.83 FILLING IN THE GAPS: VOYAGES OF LATER EXPLORATION (c.1550-1900) Search for NW Passage through N. Am. to Asia English explore Arctic regions of N. America Henry Hudson explores Hudson Bay (1610), but finds no NW Passage No practical NW Passage ever found Try to find Strait b/w Asia & N. Amer.  Otherwise NE Passage would be useless Vitus Bering (Rus.) & later James Cook (Br.) find Bering Strait Eng. Richard Chancellor reaches Russian port Archangel, but gets no further Various Dutch explorers also try, but fail to find NE Passage Search for NE Passage N. of Scandinavia Passage found in 1878 & kept open by Russian ice breakers State of geographic knowledge c.1500: Outline of S. Amer. & E. coast of N. Amer., existence of Pacific Ocean, & size of globe (FC.81)

  22. NW Passage Jacques Cartier- 2 exped’s for Francis I of Fr. 1534- Cartier: "the land that God gave Cain 1535-6- Explored as far as present-day Montreal 1576- Martin Frobisher & the "Mongols" 1580's- John Baffin finds Baffin Island! NE Passage - Vegetable lamb - A. E. Nordenskjold 1867- US buys Alaska for ~3 cents an acre FC.83 FILLING IN THE GAPS: VOYAGES OF LATER EXPLORATION (c.1550-1900) Search for NW Passage through N. Am. to Asia English explore Arctic regions of N. America Henry Hudson explores Hudson Bay (1610), but finds no NW Passage No practical NW Passage ever found Try to find Strait b/w Asia & N. Amer.  Otherwise NE Passage would be useless Vitus Bering (Rus.) & later James Cook (Br.) find Bering Strait Eng. Richard Chancellor reaches Russian port Archangel, but gets no further Various Dutch explorers also try, but fail to find NE Passage Search for NE Passage N. of Scandinavia Passage found in 1878 & kept open by Russian ice breakers Spain, Britain & Russia explore & claim N America’s NW coast State of geographic knowledge c.1500: Outline of S. Amer. & E. coast of N. Amer., existence of Pacific Ocean, & size of globe (FC.81)

  23. NW Passage Jacques Cartier- 2 exped’s for Francis I of Fr. 1534- Cartier: "the land that God gave Cain 1535-6- Explored as far as present-day Montreal 1576- Martin Frobisher & the "Mongols" 1580's- John Baffin finds Baffin Island! NE Passage - Vegetable lamb - A. E. Nordenskjold 1867- US buys Alaska for ~3 cents an acre -> “Sewards Folly’ FC.83 FILLING IN THE GAPS: VOYAGES OF LATER EXPLORATION (c.1550-1900) Search for NW Passage through N. Am. to Asia English explore Arctic regions of N. America Henry Hudson explores Hudson Bay (1610), but finds no NW Passage No practical NW Passage ever found Try to find Strait b/w Asia & N. Amer.  Otherwise NE Passage would be useless Vitus Bering (Rus.) & later James Cook (Br.) find Bering Strait Eng. Richard Chancellor reaches Russian port Archangel, but gets no further Various Dutch explorers also try, but fail to find NE Passage Search for NE Passage N. of Scandinavia Passage found in 1878 & kept open by Russian ice breakers Spain, Britain & Russia explore & claim N America’s NW coast State of geographic knowledge c.1500: Outline of S. Amer. & E. coast of N. Amer., existence of Pacific Ocean, & size of globe (FC.81)

  24. NW Passage Jacques Cartier- 2 exped’s for Francis I of Fr. 1534- Cartier: "the land that God gave Cain 1535-6- Explored as far as present-day Montreal 1576- Martin Frobisher & the "Mongols" 1580's- John Baffin finds Baffin Island! NE Passage - Vegetable lamb - A. E. Nordenskjold 1867- US buys Alaska for ~3 cents an acre -> “Sewards Folly’ -> Gold & oil FC.83 FILLING IN THE GAPS: VOYAGES OF LATER EXPLORATION (c.1550-1900) Search for NW Passage through N. Am. to Asia English explore Arctic regions of N. America Henry Hudson explores Hudson Bay (1610), but finds no NW Passage No practical NW Passage ever found Try to find Strait b/w Asia & N. Amer.  Otherwise NE Passage would be useless Vitus Bering (Rus.) & later James Cook (Br.) find Bering Strait Eng. Richard Chancellor reaches Russian port Archangel, but gets no further Various Dutch explorers also try, but fail to find NE Passage Search for NE Passage N. of Scandinavia Passage found in 1878 & kept open by Russian ice breakers Spain, Britain & Russia explore & claim N America’s NW coast State of geographic knowledge c.1500: Outline of S. Amer. & E. coast of N. Amer., existence of Pacific Ocean, & size of globe (FC.81)

  25. NW Passage Jacques Cartier- 2 exped’s for Francis I of Fr. 1534- Cartier: "the land that God gave Cain 1535-6- Explored as far as present-day Montreal 1576- Martin Frobisher & the "Mongols" 1580's- John Baffin finds Baffin Island! NE Passage - Vegetable lamb - A. E. Nordenskjold 1867- US buys Alaska for ~3 cents an acre -> “Sewards Folly’ -> Gold & oil FC.83 FILLING IN THE GAPS: VOYAGES OF LATER EXPLORATION (c.1550-1900) Search for NW Passage through N. Am. to Asia English explore Arctic regions of N. America Henry Hudson explores Hudson Bay (1610), but finds no NW Passage No practical NW Passage ever found Try to find Strait b/w Asia & N. Amer.  Otherwise NE Passage would be useless Vitus Bering (Rus.) & later James Cook (Br.) find Bering Strait Eng. Richard Chancellor reaches Russian port Archangel, but gets no further Various Dutch explorers also try, but fail to find NE Passage Search for NE Passage N. of Scandinavia Passage found in 1878 & kept open by Russian ice breakers Spain, Britain & Russia explore & claim N America’s NW coast Explore S. Pacific to find Great Southern Cont. State of geographic knowledge c.1500: Outline of S. Amer. & E. coast of N. Amer., existence of Pacific Ocean, & size of globe (FC.81)

  26. NW Passage Jacques Cartier- 2 exped’s for Francis I of Fr. 1534- Cartier: "the land that God gave Cain 1535-6- Explored as far as present-day Montreal 1576- Martin Frobisher & the "Mongols" 1580's- John Baffin finds Baffin Island! NE Passage - Vegetable lamb - A. E. Nordenskjold 1867- US buys Alaska for ~3 cents an acre -> “Sewards Folly’ -> Gold & oil FC.83 FILLING IN THE GAPS: VOYAGES OF LATER EXPLORATION (c.1550-1900) Search for NW Passage through N. Am. to Asia English explore Arctic regions of N. America Henry Hudson explores Hudson Bay (1610), but finds no NW Passage No practical NW Passage ever found Try to find Strait b/w Asia & N. Amer.  Otherwise NE Passage would be useless Vitus Bering (Rus.) & later James Cook (Br.) find Bering Strait Eng. Richard Chancellor reaches Russian port Archangel, but gets no further Various Dutch explorers also try, but fail to find NE Passage Search for NE Passage N. of Scandinavia Passage found in 1878 & kept open by Russian ice breakers Spain, Britain & Russia explore & claim N America’s NW coast Explore S. Pacific to find Great Southern Cont. State of geographic knowledge c.1500: Outline of S. Amer. & E. coast of N. Amer., existence of Pacific Ocean, & size of globe (FC.81)

  27. NW Passage Jacques Cartier- 2 exped’s for Francis I of Fr. 1534- Cartier: "the land that God gave Cain 1535-6- Explored as far as present-day Montreal 1576- Martin Frobisher & the "Mongols" 1580's- John Baffin finds Baffin Island! NE Passage - Vegetable lamb - A. E. Nordenskjold 1867- US buys Alaska for ~3 cents an acre -> “Sewards Folly’ -> Gold & oil FC.83 FILLING IN THE GAPS: VOYAGES OF LATER EXPLORATION (c.1550-1900) Search for NW Passage through N. Am. to Asia English explore Arctic regions of N. America Henry Hudson explores Hudson Bay (1610), but finds no NW Passage No practical NW Passage ever found Try to find Strait b/w Asia & N. Amer.  Otherwise NE Passage would be useless Vitus Bering (Rus.) & later James Cook (Br.) find Bering Strait Eng. Richard Chancellor reaches Russian port Archangel, but gets no further Various Dutch explorers also try, but fail to find NE Passage Search for NE Passage N. of Scandinavia Passage found in 1878 & kept open by Russian ice breakers Spain, Britain & Russia explore & claim N America’s NW coast Explore S. Pacific to find Great Southern Cont. Dutch discover Australia & New Zealand State of geographic knowledge c.1500: Outline of S. Amer. & E. coast of N. Amer., existence of Pacific Ocean, & size of globe (FC.81)

  28. NW Passage Jacques Cartier- 2 exped’s for Francis I of Fr. 1534- Cartier: "the land that God gave Cain 1535-6- Explored as far as present-day Montreal 1576- Martin Frobisher & the "Mongols" 1580's- John Baffin finds Baffin Island! NE Passage - Vegetable lamb - A. E. Nordenskjold 1867- US buys Alaska for ~3 cents an acre -> “Sewards Folly’ -> Gold & oil Great S. Continent FC.83 FILLING IN THE GAPS: VOYAGES OF LATER EXPLORATION (c.1550-1900) Dutch discover Australia & New Zealand Search for NW Passage through N. Am. to Asia English explore Arctic regions of N. America Henry Hudson explores Hudson Bay (1610), but finds no NW Passage No practical NW Passage ever found Try to find Strait b/w Asia & N. Amer.  Otherwise NE Passage would be useless Vitus Bering (Rus.) & later James Cook (Br.) find Bering Strait Eng. Richard Chancellor reaches Russian port Archangel, but gets no further Various Dutch explorers also try, but fail to find NE Passage Search for NE Passage N. of Scandinavia Passage found in 1878 & kept open by Russian ice breakers Spain, Britain & Russia explore & claim N America’s NW coast Explore S. Pacific to find Great Southern Cont. Br. Capt. Cook shows they are islands, but fails to reach Antarctica State of geographic knowledge c.1500: Outline of S. Amer. & E. coast of N. Amer., existence of Pacific Ocean, & size of globe (FC.81)

  29. NW Passage Jacques Cartier- 2 exped’s for Francis I of Fr. 1534- Cartier: "the land that God gave Cain 1535-6- Explored as far as present-day Montreal 1576- Martin Frobisher & the "Mongols" 1580's- John Baffin finds Baffin Island! NE Passage - Vegetable lamb - A. E. Nordenskjold 1867- US buys Alaska for ~3 cents an acre -> “Sewards Folly’ -> Gold & oil Great S. Continent - James Cook FC.83 FILLING IN THE GAPS: VOYAGES OF LATER EXPLORATION (c.1550-1900) Dutch discover Australia & New Zealand Search for NW Passage through N. Am. to Asia English explore Arctic regions of N. America Henry Hudson explores Hudson Bay (1610), but finds no NW Passage No practical NW Passage ever found Try to find Strait b/w Asia & N. Amer.  Otherwise NE Passage would be useless Vitus Bering (Rus.) & later James Cook (Br.) find Bering Strait Eng. Richard Chancellor reaches Russian port Archangel, but gets no further Various Dutch explorers also try, but fail to find NE Passage Search for NE Passage N. of Scandinavia Passage found in 1878 & kept open by Russian ice breakers Spain, Britain & Russia explore & claim N America’s NW coast Explore S. Pacific to find Great Southern Cont. Br. Capt. Cook shows they are islands, but fails to reach Antarctica State of geographic knowledge c.1500: Outline of S. Amer. & E. coast of N. Amer., existence of Pacific Ocean, & size of globe (FC.81)

  30. NW Passage Jacques Cartier- 2 exped’s for Francis I of Fr. 1534- Cartier: "the land that God gave Cain 1535-6- Explored as far as present-day Montreal 1576- Martin Frobisher & the "Mongols" 1580's- John Baffin finds Baffin Island! NE Passage - Vegetable lamb - A. E. Nordenskjold 1867- US buys Alaska for ~3 cents an acre -> “Sewards Folly’ -> Gold & oil Great S. Continent - James Cook - Sauerkraut & Vit. C FC.83 FILLING IN THE GAPS: VOYAGES OF LATER EXPLORATION (c.1550-1900) Dutch discover Australia & New Zealand Search for NW Passage through N. Am. to Asia English explore Arctic regions of N. America Henry Hudson explores Hudson Bay (1610), but finds no NW Passage No practical NW Passage ever found Try to find Strait b/w Asia & N. Amer.  Otherwise NE Passage would be useless Vitus Bering (Rus.) & later James Cook (Br.) find Bering Strait Eng. Richard Chancellor reaches Russian port Archangel, but gets no further Various Dutch explorers also try, but fail to find NE Passage Search for NE Passage N. of Scandinavia Passage found in 1878 & kept open by Russian ice breakers Spain, Britain & Russia explore & claim N America’s NW coast Explore S. Pacific to find Great Southern Cont. Br. Capt. Cook shows they are islands, but fails to reach Antarctica State of geographic knowledge c.1500: Outline of S. Amer. & E. coast of N. Amer., existence of Pacific Ocean, & size of globe (FC.81)

  31. NW Passage Jacques Cartier- 2 exped’s for Francis I of Fr. 1534- Cartier: "the land that God gave Cain 1535-6- Explored as far as present-day Montreal 1576- Martin Frobisher & the "Mongols" 1580's- John Baffin finds Baffin Island! NE Passage - Vegetable lamb - A. E. Nordenskjold 1867- US buys Alaska for ~3 cents an acre -> “Sewards Folly’ -> Gold & oil Great S. Continent - James Cook - Sauerkraut & Vit. C - Runs aground on Great Barrier Reef FC.83 FILLING IN THE GAPS: VOYAGES OF LATER EXPLORATION (c.1550-1900) Dutch discover Australia & New Zealand Search for NW Passage through N. Am. to Asia English explore Arctic regions of N. America Henry Hudson explores Hudson Bay (1610), but finds no NW Passage No practical NW Passage ever found Try to find Strait b/w Asia & N. Amer.  Otherwise NE Passage would be useless Vitus Bering (Rus.) & later James Cook (Br.) find Bering Strait Eng. Richard Chancellor reaches Russian port Archangel, but gets no further Various Dutch explorers also try, but fail to find NE Passage Search for NE Passage N. of Scandinavia Passage found in 1878 & kept open by Russian ice breakers Spain, Britain & Russia explore & claim N America’s NW coast Explore S. Pacific to find Great Southern Cont. Br. Capt. Cook shows they are islands, but fails to reach Antarctica State of geographic knowledge c.1500: Outline of S. Amer. & E. coast of N. Amer., existence of Pacific Ocean, & size of globe (FC.81)

  32. NW Passage Jacques Cartier- 2 exped’s for Francis I of Fr. 1534- Cartier: "the land that God gave Cain 1535-6- Explored as far as present-day Montreal 1576- Martin Frobisher & the "Mongols" 1580's- John Baffin finds Baffin Island! NE Passage - Vegetable lamb - A. E. Nordenskjold 1867- US buys Alaska for ~3 cents an acre -> “Sewards Folly’ -> Gold & oil Great S. Continent - James Cook - Sauerkraut & Vit. C - Runs aground on Great Barrier Reef - Dies in Hawaii FC.83 FILLING IN THE GAPS: VOYAGES OF LATER EXPLORATION (c.1550-1900) Dutch discover Australia & New Zealand Search for NW Passage through N. Am. to Asia English explore Arctic regions of N. America Henry Hudson explores Hudson Bay (1610), but finds no NW Passage No practical NW Passage ever found Try to find Strait b/w Asia & N. Amer.  Otherwise NE Passage would be useless Vitus Bering (Rus.) & later James Cook (Br.) find Bering Strait Eng. Richard Chancellor reaches Russian port Archangel, but gets no further Various Dutch explorers also try, but fail to find NE Passage Search for NE Passage N. of Scandinavia Passage found in 1878 & kept open by Russian ice breakers Spain, Britain & Russia explore & claim N America’s NW coast Explore S. Pacific to find Great Southern Cont. Br. Capt. Cook shows they are islands, but fails to reach Antarctica State of geographic knowledge c.1500: Outline of S. Amer. & E. coast of N. Amer., existence of Pacific Ocean, & size of globe (FC.81)

  33. NW Passage Jacques Cartier- 2 exped’s for Francis I of Fr. 1534- Cartier: "the land that God gave Cain 1535-6- Explored as far as present-day Montreal 1576- Martin Frobisher & the "Mongols" 1580's- John Baffin finds Baffin Island! NE Passage - Vegetable lamb - A. E. Nordenskjold 1867- US buys Alaska for ~3 cents an acre -> “Sewards Folly’ -> Gold & oil Great S. Continent - James Cook - Sauerkraut & Vit. C - Runs aground on Great Barrier Reef - Dies in Hawaii - Palmer names Antarctica after his aunt rather than himself! FC.83 FILLING IN THE GAPS: VOYAGES OF LATER EXPLORATION (c.1550-1900) Br. Capt. Cook shows they are islands, but fails to reach Antarctica Search for NW Passage through N. Am. to Asia English explore Arctic regions of N. America Henry Hudson explores Hudson Bay (1610), but finds no NW Passage No practical NW Passage ever found Try to find Strait b/w Asia & N. Amer.  Otherwise NE Passage would be useless Vitus Bering (Rus.) & later James Cook (Br.) find Bering Strait Eng. Richard Chancellor reaches Russian port Archangel, but gets no further Various Dutch explorers also try, but fail to find NE Passage Search for NE Passage N. of Scandinavia Passage found in 1878 & kept open by Russian ice breakers Spain, Britain & Russia explore & claim N America’s NW coast Explore S. Pacific to find Great Southern Cont. Dutch discover Australia & New Zealand Palmer finds Antarctica (1820) State of geographic knowledge c.1500: Outline of S. Amer. & E. coast of N. Amer., existence of Pacific Ocean, & size of globe (FC.81)

  34. NW Passage Jacques Cartier- 2 exped’s for Francis I of Fr. 1534- Cartier: "the land that God gave Cain 1535-6- Explored as far as present-day Montreal 1576- Martin Frobisher & the "Mongols" 1580's- John Baffin finds Baffin Island! NE Passage - Vegetable lamb - A. E. Nordenskjold 1867- US buys Alaska for ~3 cents an acre -> “Sewards Folly’ -> Gold & oil Great S. Continent - James Cook - Sauerkraut & Vit. C - Runs aground on Great Barrier Reef - Dies in Hawaii - Palmer names Antarctica after his aunt rather than himself! FC.83 FILLING IN THE GAPS: VOYAGES OF LATER EXPLORATION (c.1550-1900) By early 1800s, most continental coastlines have been explored & mapped Search for NW Passage through N. Am. to Asia English explore Arctic regions of N. America Henry Hudson explores Hudson Bay (1610), but finds no NW Passage No practical NW Passage ever found Try to find Strait b/w Asia & N. Amer.  Otherwise NE Passage would be useless Vitus Bering (Rus.) & later James Cook (Br.) find Bering Strait Eng. Richard Chancellor reaches Russian port Archangel, but gets no further Various Dutch explorers also try, but fail to find NE Passage Search for NE Passage N. of Scandinavia Passage found in 1878 & kept open by Russian ice breakers Spain, Britain & Russia explore & claim N America’s NW coast Explore S. Pacific to find Great Southern Cont. Dutch discover Australia & New Zealand Br. Capt. Cook shows they are islands, but fails to reach Antarctica Palmer finds Antarctica (1820) State of geographic knowledge c.1500: Outline of S. Amer. & E. coast of N. Amer., existence of Pacific Ocean, & size of globe (FC.81) What allowed exploration & settlement of continental interiors?

  35. NW Passage Jacques Cartier- 2 exped’s for Francis I of Fr. 1534- Cartier: "the land that God gave Cain 1535-6- Explored as far as present-day Montreal 1576- Martin Frobisher & the "Mongols" 1580's- John Baffin finds Baffin Island! NE Passage - Vegetable lamb - A. E. Nordenskjold 1867- US buys Alaska for ~3 cents an acre -> “Sewards Folly’ -> Gold & oil Great S. Continent - James Cook - Sauerkraut & Vit. C - Runs aground on Great Barrier Reef - Dies in Hawaii - Palmer names Antarctica after his aunt rather than himself! FC.83 FILLING IN THE GAPS: VOYAGES OF LATER EXPLORATION (c.1550-1900) Palmer finds Antarctica (1820) Search for NW Passage through N. Am. to Asia English explore Arctic regions of N. America Henry Hudson explores Hudson Bay (1610), but finds no NW Passage No practical NW Passage ever found Try to find Strait b/w Asia & N. Amer.  Otherwise NE Passage would be useless Vitus Bering (Rus.) & later James Cook (Br.) find Bering Strait By early 1800s, most continental coastlines have been explored & mapped Eng. Richard Chancellor reaches Russian port Archangel, but gets no further Various Dutch explorers also try, but fail to find NE Passage Search for NE Passage N. of Scandinavia Passage found in 1878 & kept open by Russian ice breakers Spain, Britain & Russia explore & claim N America’s NW coast Explore S. Pacific to find Great Southern Cont. Dutch discover Australia & New Zealand Br. Capt. Cook shows they are islands, but fails to reach Antarctica State of geographic knowledge c.1500: Outline of S. Amer. & E. coast of N. Amer., existence of Pacific Ocean, & size of globe (FC.81) Railroads invented during Industrial Revolution (FC.112)

  36. NW Passage Jacques Cartier- 2 exped’s for Francis I of Fr. 1534- Cartier: "the land that God gave Cain 1535-6- Explored as far as present-day Montreal 1576- Martin Frobisher & the "Mongols" 1580's- John Baffin finds Baffin Island! NE Passage - Vegetable lamb - A. E. Nordenskjold 1867- US buys Alaska for ~3 cents an acre -> “Sewards Folly’ -> Gold & oil Great S. Continent - James Cook - Sauerkraut & Vit. C - Runs aground on Great Barrier Reef - Dies in Hawaii - Palmer names Antarctica after his aunt rather than himself! FC.83 FILLING IN THE GAPS: VOYAGES OF LATER EXPLORATION (c.1550-1900) By early 1800s, most continental coastlines have been explored & mapped Search for NW Passage through N. Am. to Asia English explore Arctic regions of N. America Henry Hudson explores Hudson Bay (1610), but finds no NW Passage No practical NW Passage ever found Try to find Strait b/w Asia & N. Amer.  Otherwise NE Passage would be useless Vitus Bering (Rus.) & later James Cook (Br.) find Bering Strait Eng. Richard Chancellor reaches Russian port Archangel, but gets no further Search for NE Passage N. of Scandinavia Passage found in 1878 & kept open by Russian ice breakers Spain, Britain & Russia explore & claim N America’s NW coast Explore S. Pacific to find Great Southern Cont. Dutch discover Australia & New Zealand Br. Capt. Cook shows they are islands, but fails to reach Antarctica Palmer finds Antarctica (1820) Various Dutch explorers also try, but fail to find NE Passage State of geographic knowledge c.1500: Outline of S. Amer. & E. coast of N. Amer., existence of Pacific Ocean, & size of globe (FC.81) Railroads invented during Industrial Revolution (FC.112) Vaccines invented during Industrial Revolution (FC.117)

  37. NW Passage Jacques Cartier- 2 exped’s for Francis I of Fr. 1534- Cartier: "the land that God gave Cain 1535-6- Explored as far as present-day Montreal 1576- Martin Frobisher & the "Mongols" 1580's- John Baffin finds Baffin Island! NE Passage - Vegetable lamb - A. E. Nordenskjold 1867- US buys Alaska for ~3 cents an acre -> “Sewards Folly’ -> Gold & oil Great S. Continent - James Cook - Sauerkraut & Vit. C - Runs aground on Great Barrier Reef - Dies in Hawaii - Palmer names Antarctica after his aunt rather than himself! FC.83 FILLING IN THE GAPS: VOYAGES OF LATER EXPLORATION (c.1550-1900) Continental interiors explored during 1800s thanks to railroads that can carry & supply large populations & vaccines to combat tropical diseases Search for NW Passage through N. Am. to Asia English explore Arctic regions of N. America Henry Hudson explores Hudson Bay (1610), but finds no NW Passage No practical NW Passage ever found Try to find Strait b/w Asia & N. Amer.  Otherwise NE Passage would be useless Vitus Bering (Rus.) & later James Cook (Br.) find Bering Strait Eng. Richard Chancellor reaches Russian port Archangel, but gets no further Various Dutch explorers also try, but fail to find NE Passage Search for NE Passage N. of Scandinavia Passage found in 1878 & kept open by Russian ice breakers Spain, Britain & Russia explore & claim N America’s NW coast Explore S. Pacific to find Great Southern Cont. Dutch discover Australia & New Zealand Br. Capt. Cook shows they are islands, but fails to reach Antarctica Palmer finds Antarctica (1820) By early 1800s, most continental coastlines have been explored & mapped State of geographic knowledge c.1500: Outline of S. Amer. & E. coast of N. Amer., existence of Pacific Ocean, & size of globe (FC.81) Railroads invented during Industrial Revolution (FC.112) Vaccines invented during Industrial Revolution (FC.117)

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