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Molecules in biochemistry

Molecules in biochemistry. Biochemical molecules C, H, O, N, P, S Some trace elements example: Zn 2+ , Fe. Review of Organic Functional Groups. Don’t panic, its organic!. Alkane. single bonds nonpolar Key reaction: Combustion

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Molecules in biochemistry

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  1. Molecules in biochemistry • Biochemical molecules C, H, O, N, P, S • Some trace elements example: Zn2+, Fe

  2. Review of Organic Functional Groups Don’t panic, its organic!

  3. Alkane • single bonds • nonpolar • Key reaction: Combustion • CH3-CH2-CH3 + 5 O2 ——> 3 CO2 + 4 H2O + heat

  4. Alkenes: Contain double bonds Cis-trans Isomers

  5. Addition Reactions

  6. Addition of water to alkene

  7. Alcohol • OH • H-bonding • Nucleophilicity: electron pair donor

  8. Alcohols: Formation of Esters Carboxylic acid + alcohol -----> ester + water

  9. Carbonyl • aldehydes and ketones • polarity of carbonyl

  10. Carbonyl reactions • Nucleophilic and electrophilic additions • oxidation

  11. Carbonyl reactions • Hemiacetal and hemiketal formation • (seen in sugars)

  12. Carboxylic acids • Weak acids • H bonders

  13. Carboxylic Acid reactions • Esterification • Amide formation

  14. Amines • Basicity • H-bonding

  15. Esters • resonance • thioesters • phosphoesters

  16. Amides • Planarity • hydrolysis

  17. Rings • planarity • hydrophobicity

  18. 3-D structure • Stereoisomers • Nonsuperimposable mirror images

  19. Stereospecificity • Binding sites are specific to only one stereoisomer

  20. Reaction types • Redox • Rearrangements • Forming or Breaking C-C bonds • Condensation • Group Transfers

  21. Redox • Already discussed

  22. Rearrangements

  23. Forming or Breaking C-C bonds

  24. Condensation • Already Discussed

  25. Group Transfers

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