1 / 16

Biochemistry

Biochemistry. A Way of. LIFE. Hierarchy of matter. Atoms Elements HONC PS make up 90% of all living organisms Monomers make up polymers Monosaccharides Fatty acids Amino Acids Nucleotides Biological Compounds (polymers) Carbohydrates (CH 2 0)

parvani-gautam
Download Presentation

Biochemistry

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Biochemistry A Way of LIFE

  2. Hierarchy of matter • Atoms • Elements • HONC PS make up 90% of all living organisms • Monomers make up polymers • Monosaccharides • Fatty acids • Amino Acids • Nucleotides • Biological Compounds (polymers) • Carbohydrates (CH20) • Lipids (CHO) 2x as many H as C, fewer O • Proteins (CHONS) • Nucleic Acids (CHONP)

  3. Monomer Monomer Monomer Monomer Macromolecular Structure • Monomer • Single unit of a macromolecule • Can be linked together to form polymers

  4. Carbohydrates • AKA: sugars, saccharides • <the movie was funny, but it had a saccharine ending in which everyone lives happily ever after> development of saccharin -- an artificial sweetener known today to many seasoned dieters as Sweet-n-Low. • Why are they important?

  5. Monomers (C6H12O6) • Glucose - Photosynthesis • Fructose - Fruit • Galactose – Milk • Same chemical formula • Different shape = isomer • Polymer : Starch • Plant Energy • Polymer: Cellulose • Polymer: Glycogen • Animal energy

  6. C6H12O6 • +C6H12O6 When H2O is created because two monomers are united, this is called a condensation reaction. The opposite, when water is added to break a polymer apart, it is called hydrolysis. C12H22 O11

  7. Types of Lipids • Phospholipids • Triglycerides • Waxes • Steroids • Type of Steroids: Cholesterol • Hormones • Androgen • Corticosteroids • HGH • BGH

  8. 1) Lipids • Lots of C, twice as much H, very little O • Long hydrocarbon chains Fatty acid (monomer) • Triglyceride (Fats) • Saturated or unsaturated • Oil (liquid) - E storage • Fat (solid) - E storage, insulation, padding • Nonpolar • Hydrophobic • Polar • Hydrophilic

  9. PHOSPHOLIPID TRIGLYCERIDE Phosphate Glycerol Glycerol

  10. H20 outside of cell Impermeable to H20, maintains cell integrity. H20 inside of cell

  11. Radical Group R O H N C C H O H H Proteins • C, H, O, N and sometimes S • Peptide = Amino Acid = Protein Monomer • Over twenty varieties (They differ only in the “radical” group)

  12. Proteins • Enzymes are a type of protein • Lower the activation energy for chemical reactions • Are reusable • Phenylketonuria • Neurological disease • Lack of enzyme Phenylalanine hydroxlase Phenylalanine • Phenylalanine hydroxlase

  13. Proteins • Proteins are polymers comprised of amino acids • Structural examples • Muscle fibers, hair, cytoskeleton • Cell membrane proteins

  14. Nucleic Acids • C, H, O, N, and P • Nucleotide (nucleic acid monomer) • Monosaccharide • Ribose or Deoxyribose • Nitrogenous Base • Phosphate Group

  15. Nucleic Acids • Nucleic Acid Polymers • RNA • Protein synthesis • DNA • Primary genetic info

  16. 1. List the 6 elements common to all organisms • 2. Name four organic compounds • 3. Describe the amount of elements found in a carbohydrate monomer. • 4. Name 3 carbohydrate monomers • 5. Name 3 carbohydrate polymers • 6. Name the polymer for each monomer • A. nucleotide C. Fatty acid • B. monosaccharide D. Amino acid • 7. Draw a rough outline of what a nucleic acid monomer and a carbohydrate monomer would look like. • 8. What elements are in a nucleic acid monomer?

More Related