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Industrial Revolution Begins

Industrial Revolution Begins. Revolution in Great Britain. 1700s = change in technology energy source changed from human & animal power to machinery Industrial Revolution occurred when use of power-driven machinery was developed this started in Great Britain.

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Industrial Revolution Begins

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  1. Industrial RevolutionBegins

  2. Revolution in Great Britain • 1700s = change in technology • energy source changed from human & animal power to machinery • Industrial Revolution occurred when use of power-driven machinery was developed • this started in Great Britain

  3. Factors for Successin Great Britain • exploration and colonialism • power of the sea • political stability • government support • growth of private investment

  4. Agricultural Factors • 1701  Jethro Tull invented seed drill • landowners bought up small farms and consolidated them in the enclosure movement

  5. Factors of Production: Land • Great Britain had great natural resources • coal for fuel • iron for steel & machinery • waterways (rivers & canals) to generate power and transport raw materials and goods

  6. Factors of Production: Labor • Great Britain’s population grew because of greater food supply • enclosure movement took land away from small farmers • resulted in surplus of available workers

  7. Factors of Production: Capital • capital is the money or property a business needs to stay in business • capital can be money, machines, or people • people who specialized in one area had abilities and skills to their advantages

  8. A Revolution in Textiles • a cottage industry is an occupation in which you make a craft and it is done in your home • making cloth had been a cottage industry • cloth was made mostly with wool

  9. A New Way of Making Cloth • cloth was now made from wool and cotton • more sheep could be raised due to the enclosure movement • cotton came to Great Britain from the colonies • new inventions helped the process of cloth making

  10. Cotton Gin • invented by Eli Whitney • removed seeds from raw cotton

  11. Spinning Jenny • invented by James Hargreaves • spun multiple threads at one time • threads were still thick and broke easily

  12. Spinning Frame • invented by Richard Arkwright • similar to the spinning jenny • spun stronger, thinner threads

  13. “Flying Shuttle” • invented by John Kay • pushed thread back and forth on loom automatically • had been done by the weaver pushing the shuttle back and forth • allowed for looms to be wider than arm’s width

  14. Power Loom • invented by Edmund Cartwright in 1785 • automated the weaving process

  15. Cloth Making Outside the Home • new inventions to speed up the cloth making process were big machines • machines needed a special place to house them • cloth now made in FACTORIES

  16. Steam Powers the Revolution • steam is created when water is heated to the point of vaporizing • water vapors expand when hot • steam engines were invented in 1712 by Thomas Newcomen

  17. Newcomen Steam Engine

  18. Development of the Steam Engine • James Watt innovated Newcomen’s steam engine to be more efficient • Watt’s engine was better suited for factories • 1802  Richard Trevithick put a steam engine in first locomotive • 1807  Robert Fulton developed the first steamship

  19. Coal for British Steam Engines • coal mining industry in northern and western England grew • by 1800, Great Britain produced 80% of Europe’s coal • mining was dangerous • explosions • coal dust • collapsing shafts • hard labor

  20. Exit Ticket • What are the three factors of production that we discussed? • What is an example of each of these factors that Great Britain had? • How did the early inventions help the textile industry change from a cottage industry to an industry performed in factories?

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