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Grayslake Central High School

Grayslake Central High School . Human Body Systems. This slide presentation is meant to help you study the major systems of the human body.

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Grayslake Central High School

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  1. Grayslake Central High School

  2. Human Body Systems This slide presentation is meant to help you study the major systems of the human body. Use it as an introduction or as a review. Follow the instructions as you move along to explore and learn. You can go through the entire program slide by slide, or you skip to focus on any one system.

  3. http://www.parentingpress.com/pics/sock_cvr.jpg Believe it or not, you are organized! • The main levels of organization are… • Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems, and You (the Organism).

  4. Can you identify & label the 3 levels of organization shown here? Well, at least your body is! Cell Tissue Organ

  5. Levels of OrganizationThe Human Body has several “layers” of organization beginning with the simplest and becoming more complex. http://www.bmb.psu.edu/courses/bisci004a/chem/levels.jpg

  6. Here They Are: Your Body Systems (Part 1). http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_19/147a.gif

  7. And Your Body Systems (Part 2) http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_19/lect_19.htm

  8. Overview of Systems: • Musculoskeletal: Gives structure to the body • Bones and Muscles • Circulatory: Circulates blood and nutrients to the body • Heart, veins, arteries • Respiratory: Breathing sends oxygen to our blood, discards carbon dioxide • Lungs • Digestive: Eating sends nutrients to our body • Mouth, stomach, intestines • Nervous: Interprets how our body perceives its stimulus • Brain, spinal cord • Reproductive: Responsible for procreation • Penis, Vagina, uterus, testicles

  9. So Let’s Begin!

  10. Your Muscular System

  11. Types of Muscles Your body has three types of muscle tissue—skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle.

  12. Skeletal Muscle Skeletal muscles are attached to the bones of your skeleton. Because you have conscious control of skeletal muscles, they are classified as voluntary muscles. These muscles provide the force that moves your bones. Skeletal muscles react quickly and tire quickly. At the end of a skeletal muscle is a tendon. A tendon is a strong connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone. Note- ligaments connect bones together.

  13. Smooth Muscle Smooth muscles are called involuntary muscles because they work with your conscious effort.

  14. Cardiac Muscle Cardiac muscles are involuntary muscles found only in the heart. Cardiac muscles do not get tired. A Cardiac Muscle Cell

  15. Voluntary Muscles The muscles that are under your direct control are called voluntary muscles. Smiling and turning the pages in a book are actions of voluntary muscles

  16. Involuntary Muscle Action The muscles that are not under your conscious control are called involuntary muscles. Your colon (left) is lined with smooth muscle, and your heart (right) is comprised of cardiac muscle which works automatically pumping blood around your body.

  17. How Do Muscles Work? Muscles work by contracting, or becoming shorter and thicker. Because muscle cells can only contract, not extend, skeletal muscles must work in pairs. While one muscle contracts, the other muscle in the pair returns to its original length. For example, in order to move the lower arm, the biceps muscle on the front of the upper arm contracts to bend the elbow. This lifts the forearm and hand. As the biceps contracts, the triceps on the back of the upper arm returns to its original length. To straighten the elbow, the triceps muscle contracts while the biceps returns to its original length.

  18. Anatomy Of A Muscle

  19. Can You Name the Major Muscles of your Body. Try It!

  20. Some Major Voluntary Muscles

  21. Some Really Big Muscles!

  22. Your Skeletal System

  23. Your Skeleton’s Functions Your skeleton has five major functions. It provides shape and support, enables you to move, protects your internal organs, produces blood cells, and stores certain materials until your body needs them

  24. The Structure of Bone Many bones have the same basic structure. A thin, tough membrane covers all of a bone except the ends. Blood vessels and nerves enter and leave the bone through the membrane. Beneath the membrane is a layer of compact bone, which is hard and dense, but not solid. Small canals run through the compact bone, carrying blood vessels and nerves from the bone’s surface to the living cells within the bone. Just inside the compact bone is a layer of spongy bone, which has many small spaces within it.

  25. Bone Anatomy

  26. Cartilage Cartilage provides a smooth surface between bones or sometimes a more flexible extension of bone, as in the tip of your nose. As an infant, much of your skeleton was cartilage. By the time you stop growing, most of the cartilage will have been replaced with hard bone tissue.

  27. Joints A joint is a place in the body where two bones come together. Joints allow bones to move in different ways. Immovable joints connect bones in a way that allows little or no movement. Movable joints allow the body to make a wide range of movements. Movable joints include ball-and- socket joints, pivot joints, hinge joints, and gliding joints. The bones in movable joints are held together by a strong connective tissue called a ligament.

  28. Do You Know Your Bones? Fill in the blanks on the next slide or on your handout, and check the following slide for the answers.

  29. How Did You Do?

  30. Take Care of Your Bones! A combination of a balanced diet and regular exercise can start you on the way to a lifetime of healthy bones. As people become older, their bones begin to lose some minerals. Mineral loss can lead to osteoporosis, a condition in which the body’s bones become weak and break easily. Regular exercise and a diet rich in calcium can help prevent osteoporosis.

  31. Osteoporosis Osteoporosis is a disease in which bones become fragile and more likely to break. If not prevented or if left untreated, osteoporosis can progress painlessly until a bone breaks.

  32. Your Circulatory System

  33. Your Circulatory System is Responsible for Delivering and Removing Materials from Every Cell in Your Body Web Sources and Resources Usborne Human Body: Quicklinks

  34. How does this system work? pulmonary vein lungs pulmonary artery head & arms aorta main vein Right Left liver digestive system kidneys legs Circulatory System

  35. Lungs Body cells Our circulatory system is a double circulatory system. This means it has two parts parts. the right side of the system deals with deoxygenated blood. the left side of the system deals with oxygenated blood.

  36. The Heart This is a vein. It brings blood from the body, except the lungs. These are arteries. They carry blood away from the heart. 2 atria Coronary arteries, the hearts own blood supply 2 ventricles The heart has four chambers now lets look inside the heart

  37. Veins and Arteries Arteries= Carry oxygenated blood AWAY from the heart Veins= Carry deoxygenated blood BACK TOWARDS the heart

  38. So, veins are BLUE right? • WRONG!! Many times you will see veins colored as BLUE in diagrams to show that the blood in them is DEOXYGENATED, but veins and the blood in them are always RED!! • Veins appear blue because light, penetrating the skin, is absorbed and reflected back to the eye. Since only the higher energy wavelengths can do this (lower energy wavelengths just don't have the ‘oomph’), only higher energy wavelengths are seen. And higher energy wavelengths are what we call "blue."

  39. The Heart Artery to Lungs Artery to Head and Body Vein from Head and Body Vein from Lungs Right Atrium Left Atrium valve valve Left Ventricle Right Ventricle

  40. The Heart

  41. blood from the lungs blood from the body The heart beat begins when the heart muscles relax and blood flows into the atria. How does the Heart work? STEP ONE

  42. The atria then contract and the valves open to allow blood into the ventricles. How does the Heart work? STEP TWO

  43. The valves close to stop blood • flowing backwards. • The ventricles contract forcing • the blood to leave the heart. • At the same time, the atria are • relaxing and once again filling with • blood. How does the Heart work? STEP THREE The cycle then repeats itself.

  44. blood from the heart gets around the body through blood vessels There are 3 types of blood vessels a. ARTERY b.VEIN c.CAPILLARY

  45. The ARTERY Arteries carry blood away from the heart. the elastic fibres allow the artery to stretch under pressure thick muscle and elastic fibres the thick muscle can contract to push the blood along.

  46. The VEIN Veins carry blood towards from the heart. veins have valves which act to stop the blood from going in the wrong direction. thin muscle and elastic fibres body muscles surround the veins so that when they contract to move the body, they also squeeze the veins and push the blood along the vessel.

  47. The CAPILLARY Capillaries link Arteries with Veins they exchange materials between the blood and other body cells. the wall of a capillary is only one cell thick The exchange of materials between the blood and the body can only occur through capillaries.

  48. what’s in digested food red blood cells white blood cells BLOOD oxygen waste (urea) platelets carbon dioxide hormones plasma

  49. The Blood white blood cell red blood cell plasma platelets

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