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The student is expected to: 2A know the definition of science and understand that it has limitations...; 2B know that hypotheses are tentative and testable statements that must be capable of being supported or not supported by observational evidence...;.
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The student is expected to:2A know the definition of science and understand that it has limitations...; 2B know that hypotheses are tentative and testable statements that must be capable of being supported or not supported by observational evidence...;
(continued)2C know scientific theories are based on natural and physical phenomena and are capable of being tested by multiple independent researchers. Unlike hypotheses, scientific theories are well-established and highly-reliable explanations, but they may be subject to change as new areas of science and new technologies are developed;
(continued)2D distinguish between scientific hypotheses and scientific theories; 3A in all fields of science, analyze, evaluate, and critique scientific explanations by using empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and experimental and observational testing...; 3B communicate and apply scientific information extracted from various sources...
KEY CONCEPTScience is a way of thinking, questioning, and gathering evidence.
Like all science, biology is a process of inquiry. • Scientists make careful and systematic observations. • Scientists record observations as data. • Scientists form a hypothesis as a possible answer to a question. • Scientists test their hypotheses and analyze their data.
Biologists use experiments to test hypotheses. • Observational studies allow scientists to describe a phenomenon.
Experimental studies allow scientists to determine what causes a phenomenon.
Experimental studies allow scientists to determine what causes a phenomenon. • Independent variables are manipulated. • Dependent variables are observed and measured. • Constants are conditions that are kept the same.
A theory explains a wide range of observations. • Theories explain a wide range of observations and experimental results. • A theory is supported by a wide range of scientific evidence. • Theories can change based on new evidence.
Scientists communicate information in many different ways. • Scientific research is reviewed by other scientists. • Scientific journals are primary sources of scientific information. • Most scientific knowledge relevant to the public comes from secondary resources. • Reliable sources of scientific information are based on empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and testing.