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NAME. CLASS PERIOD. Magna Carta “great charter” first document that limited the power of the government (King). English Bill of Rights Protected the rights of English citizens and became the basis for the American Bill of Rights. 1607 • Jamestown, Virginia • first successful English
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NAME CLASS PERIOD
Magna Carta “great charter” first document that limited the power of the government (King).
English Bill of Rights Protected the rights of English citizens and became the basis for the American Bill of Rights.
1607 •Jamestown, Virginia • first successful English settlement in America
1620 • Pilgrims land at Plymouth, Mass. seeking religious freedom • Mayflower Compact establishes the principle of self government by majority rule
Virginia House of Burgesses • first representative assembly in America
New England cold climate, poor soil, fishing, shipbuilding, factories, manufacturing (Massachusetts)
Middle Colonies “bread basket” grain, cultural diversity, religious tolerance, good harbors (New York & Pennsylvania)
Southern Colonies cash crops, slaves, plantations, good soil, warm climate, agricultural (Virginia & South Carolina)
Ben Franklin • American Enlightenment figure • inventor, publisher, statesman, and diplomat • ambassador to France • wrote Poor Richard’s Almanac
Albany Plan of Union Franklin’s plan to unite the colonies during the French & Indian War
Pontiac’s Rebellion • Indian uprising against American settlers in the Ohio River Valley • led to the Proclamation of 1763
Proclamation of 1763 • England forbids colonists to settle west of the Appalachian Mountains
King George III tyrant King of England during the American Revolution
Mercantilism control of colonial trade for the benefit of the Mother Country (England)
Sons of Liberty • secret society opposing British policies during the American Revolution • Samuel Adams – Boston leader
Boston Massacre • clash between British soldiers and colonists • five colonists killed, including Crispus Attucks • used as propaganda
Boston Tea Party Sons of Liberty dump tea into Boston Harbor as a protest to the Tea Act (taxation without representation)
Lexington & Concord • First battles of American Revolution • “shot heard around the world”
Common Sense • pamphlet by Thomas Paine urging colonists to become independent from Britain
John Locke • English Enlightenment philosopher • argued people have natural rights such as life, liberty and property.
Unalienable Rights • rights that cannot be taken away • “… Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness”
July 4, 1776 • Declaration of Independence • U.S. separates from England • “We hold these truths …”
Thomas Jefferson • author of the Dec. of Independence • 3rd U.S. President • purchased the Louisiana territory
Patriot vs. Loyalist • PATRIOT: rebel colonist supporting independence from England • LOYALIST: colonist loyal to the King
George Washington • Commander of the Continental Army • President of the Constitutional Convention • First President of the United States • Father of His Country
Saratoga • turning point of the Revolutionary War • France begins to openly support the U,S,
Yorktown • Cornwallis surrenders to Washington with the help of the French navy ending the American Revolution
Treaty of Paris • ends the American Revolution • U.S. gains all land east of the Mississippi
Articles of Confederation • the first “weak” U.S. constitution Weaknesses • no (executive) President • could not levy taxes Strengths • held U.S. together • passed the NW Ordinance
Northwest Ordinance • established an orderly way for our nation to grow • statehood! • also bans slavery in the NW Territory
Shay’s Rebellion • an uprising of debt-ridden Massachusetts farmers • led to Constitutional Convention
1787 • Constitutional (Philadelphia) Convention • The US Constitution is created • “We the people …”
James Madison • “Father of the Constitution” “Maddy’s the Daddy”
Popular Sovereignty • power of the government comes from the people • “We the people…”
Republicanism • voters elect representatives to make laws for them • representative government
Federalism • the sharing of power between the state and the national governments • Ex: the ability to tax
Separation of Powers • each branch of government (executive, legislative, judicial) has its own powers
Checks and Balances • each branch of government has some power over the other branches • Ex: veto, impeachment, appointments
Individual Rights • everyone has certain rights • guaranteed in the Bill of Rights (English Bill of Rights)
Limited Government • everyone must obey the law including the government! (Magna Carta)
The Great Compromise • the agreement between the New Jersey and Virginia Plans regarding the legislative branch creates two houses in Congress • House of Rep. based on population • Senate based on equal representation
Three-Fifths Compromise • agreement to count three-fifths of state’s slaves as population for purposes of representation and taxation
Ratification • to approve by vote
Federalist vs. Anti-Federalist • Federalists supporters of the Constitution favoring a strong national government • Anti-federalists opposed ratification of the Constitution without a Bill of Rights
Federalist Papers • essays written by Madison, Jay, and Hamilton urging people to ratify the Constitution
Patrick Henry • famous Virginia politician & orator • “Give me Liberty or give me death!” • anti-federalist
Amendment • a change to the Constitution • ratification requires 2/3 of Congress and 3/4 of the States
The Bill of Rights •first ten amendments to the Constitution • protects individual rights.
“RAPPS” • five fundamental freedoms granted by the 1st amendment • Religion, Assembly, Petition, Press, Speech.
