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Review

Review. Renaissance and Reformation 1350-1600. Renaissance. Renaissance = “rebirth” Began in Italian City-States Revival of Commerce and Town Building was more intense in Italy Feudalism had less of a grip on Italy Presence of antiquity was stronger in Italy than elsewhere in Europe.

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Review

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  1. Review Renaissance and Reformation 1350-1600

  2. Renaissance Renaissance = “rebirth” • Began in Italian City-States • Revival of Commerce and Town Building was more intense in Italy • Feudalism had less of a grip on Italy • Presence of antiquity was stronger in Italy than elsewhere in Europe

  3. Renaissance Renaissance = “rebirth” • Humanism a program of study based on the “classics” = ancient Greece and Rome • Petrarch – father of humanism • Civic Humanism - use classical education for the public’s good • Revival of Ancient Latin and Greek allowed ancient text to be translated

  4. Heritage of Humanism • Improved command of Latin • Restored Greek language/learning • Developed new ways to study ancient world. • Used past to illustrate human behavior and find moral examples. • Reformed education

  5. Renaissance Art • Artist as individuals, not craftsmen New Techniques - Painting • Fresco – wet plaster • Oil Painting • Chiaroscuro – contrast light and dark to create 3D images • Single Point Perspective

  6. Renaissance Art Architecture • Classical Motifs (Greek and Rome) - Columns, Domes

  7. Renaissance Art Late Renaissance • Mannerism - Distorted images and confusing themes - Reflect growing religious and political crises in Italy

  8. Leonardo Da Vinci • “Renaissance Man” - Architect, sculptor, engineer, inventor, painter scientist

  9. Raphael • School Of Athens – links renaissance with the past • Single point perspective

  10. Michelangelo • David -Masterpiece • Sistine Chapel - Ceiling represents High Renaissance, Altar Represents Late Renaissance style

  11. Northern Renaissance Northern Humanist • Desiderius Erasmus • Criticized the Church In Praise of Folly • Emphasized inner faith as opposed to outer worship • Sir Thomas Moore • Utopia critical of contemporary society • All property should be held in common

  12. Northern Renaissance Art • Influenced by Italian Renaissance • Albrecht Durer – woodcuts • Geoffrefy Chaucer- Canterbury Tales • William Shakespeare

  13. Northern Renaissance Printing Press • Johannes Gutenberg Effects • Cheaper to produce books • Increase in literacy • New ideas spread faster

  14. Reformation John Wycliffe • Questioned wealth of church • Miracle of transubstantiation • Indulgences • Urged followers to read and interpret bible for themselves • “Lollards”

  15. Reformation Jan Hus • Horrified by immorality of clergy • Urged that who congregation should be given the cup during communion • Called before Council of Constance • Burned at the stake as a heretic • Followers staged a rebellion

  16. Reformation Martin Luther • Protested the selling of indulgences • Posted 95 Theses • Quickly spread via printing press • Diet of Worms- banned him and his works from HRE • Questioned papal authority, sacraments, monasticism, celibacy of clergy • Had several children

  17. Reformation Peace of Augsburg • Legalized Lutheranism in areas ruled by Lutherans

  18. Reformation Anabaptist • Denied infant baptism Ulrich Zwiligi • Denied all of the sacraments John Calvin • Predestination of the soul • No free will

  19. Reformation English Reformation • Henry VIII wanted a divorce • Made head of Church of England

  20. Counter Reformation Council of Trent • Educate clergy • End selling of church offices • Upheld traditional Catholic teachings • Baroque Art - more intensely religious than mannerist style

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