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Review

Review. Significant Figures, Vector Math Velocity, Acceleration, Force. A Scientific Method. Accuracy and Precision. Accuracy – How close to the actual value Precision – How close to each other. A measurement of 4cm 1cm is the same as. 3cm to 5cm.

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Review

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  1. Review Significant Figures, Vector Math Velocity, Acceleration, Force

  2. A Scientific Method

  3. Accuracy and Precision Accuracy – How close to the actual value Precision – How close to each other. A measurement of 4cm 1cm is the same as 3cm to 5cm

  4. Significant FiguresMultiplication vs. Addition • Each group take one of each measuring device (ruler, paper, and paper clip). Measure three objects and sum the results. Discuss the accuracy of your results. Explain how the measurement with the least significant figures affects your final result.

  5. Significant FiguresMultiplication vs. Addition • Addition • 43.8 • +5.67 • 49.4 • Multiplication • 43.8 • x5.67 • 248.

  6. Variables • Dependant – subject of the experiment • Independent – The controlled variable • E.G. How does speed of a sail boat change with wind? • The speed of the sail boat is dependent on the wind. • The wind is independent of the speed of the sail boat.

  7. Conversions 1000m 1hr 1 min 1Km 60 min 60 sec

  8. Conversions • A mass of 300 grams is accelerated at a rate of 1km per minute. (F=ma) 1Kg (1 min)^2 1000 m 1000g (60 secs)^2 1 Km

  9. Distance vs. Displacement • Distance is the sum of the segments of the path, regardless of direction. • Displacement is the straight-line distance from the point of origin to the ending point. • Make a graph. Draw a line over to 3x and another line up to 4y. Determine the displacement and the distance.

  10. Vector vs. Scalar • Scalar has magnitude • 4 seconds • Vector has magnitude and direction • 5m/s East

  11. Relationships • Directly Proportional Graph • x=2y • Inversely Proportional • x=1/2y • Exponentially Proportional • x=y^2

  12. Average Velocity • The slope on a position-time graph is velocity (displacement divided by time).

  13. Position vs. Time

  14. Average Acceleration • Average acceleration is the slope on a velocity-time graph.

  15. Velocity vs. Time

  16. Position, Velocity, and Acceleration

  17. Horizontal and VerticalComponents of Motion • Solve for delta y in terms of the vertical components of vf and vi • Solve for t in terms of the vertical components of delta y, and v Equations with respect to the vertical component (y):

  18. Horizontal and VerticalComponents of Motion • Virtual Lab • Cannon Exercise • Juggling Exercise

  19. Horizontal and Vertical Projectiles

  20. Force • www.HowStuffWorks.com • “How Force, Power, Torque, and Energy Work”

  21. Forces on an Object Tension Sled Friction Friction Feet

  22. Newton’s First Law • A body continues to maintain its state of rest or of uniform motion unless acted upon by an external unbalanced force.

  23. Motion and Newton’s Second Law Force equals mass times acceleration

  24. Net Force • Net force is the force associated with acceleration (F=ma). • Net force is the sum of all forces acting on a system. • If the forces acting on a system do not cancel each other (add to a non-zero result, that is, are not in equilibrium), the system undergoes acceleration in the direction of said force. • Note: Equilibrium means that there is a net force of zero (no acceleration).

  25. Weight and Normal Force

  26. Forces on an Inclined Plane

  27. Forces on an Inclined Plane

  28. Newton’s Third Law: Interaction Pairs To every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

  29. Vector Components

  30. Vector Components

  31. Forces on an Inclined Plane

  32. Surface and Friction

  33. Static Friction

  34. Trajectory of a Projectile

  35. Horizontal and VerticalComponents of Motion • Which component directly determines time in the air? • Which component directly determines distance traveled

  36. Relative Velocity

  37. Relative Velocity

  38. Angular Velocity • How fast an angle is traversed.

  39. Circular Motion

  40. Angular Velocity • Circumference • Period • Frequency • Centripetal Acceleration

  41. Centripetal Force • A centripetal force is not a new type of force; rather, it describes a role that is played by one or more forces in the situation, since there must be some force that is changing the velocity of the object. For example, the force of gravity keeps the Moon in a roughly circular orbit around the Earth, while the normal force of the road and the force of friction combine to keep a car in circular motion around a banked curve.

  42. Angular Acceleration • Car Experiment – Virtual Lab • Merry-go-round Experiment – Virtual Lab

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