September 19, 2010 Naohiro Kitano

1. China-DAC Study Group Infrastructure: The foundation for Growth and Poverty Reduction China's Sustainable Urban and Regional Infrastructure Development - Roles of International Donors - September 19, 2010 Naohiro Kitano East and Central Asia and the Caucasus Department Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)

2. Long-term Vision, New Concepts and Innovative Ideas matter World Bank: Partnerships for Innovation ・ Incorporating international best practice in highway planning ・ Supporting cities to address the challenges of rapid motorization and urbanization with sustainable transport systems ADB: Regional cooperation frameworks ・ GMS (Greater Mekong Subregion) ・ CAREC (Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation) economic corridors JAPAN: Sharing Japan’s development experiences ・ Comprehensive National Development Plans ・ Sustainable urban transport development ・ Concept of Megalopolis (城市群) Source: CHINA AND THE WORLD BANK: A Partnership for Innovation (2007)

3. The impact of dialogue between Japanese experts and Chinese decision makers on the development of Shanghai • Twenty-eight years ago, the then-President of National Institute for Research Advancement (総合開発研究機構：NIRA), Dr.Atsushi Shimokobe, the mastermind of Japan’s Comprehensive National Development Plans, made a field trip to Shanghai and neighboring provinces, and presented the concept of Shanghai Economic Zone(上海経済圏) to China’s national and local leaders such as the then-Shanghai Mayor, Mr.Wang Daohan (汪道涵). Source: http://www.ued.or.jp/shimokobe/index.php http://www.picturechina.com.cn/bbs/thread-6915-1-1.html

4. The impact of dialogue between Japanese experts and Chinese decision makers on the development of Shanghai • Dr.Shimokobe analyzed the potential for development of Yangtze River Delta and proposed to transform its center, Shanghai, into an international city connecting inland region and the rest of the world. • He also proposed to build world class deep sea port, an international airport and other major infrastructure in Shanghai. • Since then he and several other Japanese economists played the role of policy advisors to the Chinese govern-ment. • Later on, series of development policies such as Development of Pudong District （浦東新区）and large scale infrastructure development contributed to the enormous economic growth of the Shanghai-led Yangtze River Delta mainly through the attraction of FDI.

5. Transformation of Pudong District in Shanghai http://swfc-shanghai.com/jp/

6. Infrastructure Development in Shanghai • Japan also supported a number of infrastructure projects in Shanghai through technical assistance (Feasibility Studies) and ODA Loans (Yen Loans). Projects such as Pudong International Airport （浦東国際空港） and the Power Station and Port in Baoshan Steel （宝山製鉄） and contributed to the urban economy of Shanghai.

7. Hainan Planning Commission JICA Joint Study on Hainan Island Integrated Development (1988) Haikou City Yangpu Economic Development Zone Hainan Development Project (Haikou Port) ・Creating Master Plan (M/P) for Hainan island development until 2005 ・The basic strategy was developing the region as China's largest open economic zone. ・Participatory approach was introduced ・Ports and highways were developed by utilizing Japanese ODA Loans based on the M/P Hainan Development Project (Yangpu Port) Hainan East Expressway Expansion Project Sanya City Source:http://www.jica.go.jp/english/publications/reports/study/topical/urban/pdf/urban_05.pdf

8. Chongqing Monorail Line No.2- Sustainable Urban Transport System - • JICA sent the expert team headed by Mr. Misao Sugawara (菅原操), a prominent railway engineer, to conduct a feasibility study on Chongqing monorail in 1992. The report was completed in 1994. A straddle-type monorail was recommended; good hill-climbing ability and sharp-bend capability combined with low noise pollution are suited to the route conditions in Chongqing. • The L/A was signed in 2001 with the amount of 27.1bil.JPY. • The project with the length of 12.5 km completed in 2005. • Mr. Sugawara received the State Friendship Award in 2009. http://paper.people.com.cn/rmrbhwb/html/2009-10/12/content_358170.htm http://paper.people.com.cn/rmrbhwb/html/2009-10/12/content_358170.htm

9. NDRC JICA Joint Study on China’s Urbanization Policy • In late 90’s JICA and the State Development Planning Commission (now National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC)) jointly conducted a large-scale study on China’s urbanization policy focusing on the Shanghai led Yangtze River Delta. • A number of experts from the two countries participated in the study. The study was published in 2001. It indicated that an urban agglomeration (城市群) far exceeding the scale of Tokyo Megalopolis in terms of population will appear in Yangtze River Delta.

10. SDPC JICA Study (2001) The Regional Plan for the Yangtze River Delta (2010) ・The report also analyzed the challenges China would face in the process of urbanization and proposed to formulate comprehensive urban policies in order to establish high-density, large-scale, citizen oriented lively society in the megalopolis (城市群). ・Part of the recommendation was finally introduced by NDRC in the 11th Five Year Plan (2011-2015) and the Regional Plan for the Yangtze River Delta was approved by China's State Council last June. Source: SDPC and JICA (2001) Urbanization: Theme of China’s Modernization http://zfxxgk.ndrc.gov.cn/PublicItemView.aspx?ItemID=%7B41562019-3e9f-4658-bbaf-091ef4f041ee%7D