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Quantifying the Impact of Jointed Concrete Pavement Curling and Warping on Pavement Unevenness

THE. T RANSTEC GROUP. Quantifying the Impact of Jointed Concrete Pavement Curling and Warping on Pavement Unevenness. George Chang, PhD , PE Transtec Group Project Manager gkchang@theTranstecGroup.com. US FHWA Curl/Warp Study. Impact of Curling and Warping on JCP Performance. Outlines.

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Quantifying the Impact of Jointed Concrete Pavement Curling and Warping on Pavement Unevenness

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  1. THE TRANSTEC GROUP Quantifying the Impact of Jointed Concrete Pavement Curling and Warping on Pavement Unevenness • George Chang, PhD, PE • Transtec Group • Project Manager • gkchang@theTranstecGroup.com

  2. US FHWA Curl/Warp Study • Impact of Curling and Warping on JCP Performance

  3. Outlines • Curl/Warp Measurement • Profile Synchronization and Joint ID • 2GCI Curvature Index • RoCK System for Curvature-Impact-Roughess Analysis

  4. Curl/Warp Measurement • What to be measured? • Site Selection • Data Collection • How to measure? • Profiling • Temperature • Others

  5. Dry-Freeze Wet-Freeze Dry-Nonfreeze Wet-Nonfreeze Seasonal Site Non-seasonal Site Selected Sites

  6. Late AM - Early PM Critical Passes!! Evening Mid-AM Early AM Diurnal Profiling Inertial Profiling

  7. Outlines • Curl/Warp Measurement • Profile Synchronization and Joint ID • 2GCI Curvature Index • RoCK System for Curvature-Impact-Roughess Analysis

  8. Raw Profile IA_023A

  9. Spike Profile Filter with moving average anti-smoothing Normalize by RMS Search deepest dip by a threshold

  10. Spike Incidence Assemble the dip count across the data set

  11. Weeded Spike Incidence Weed/clear false hits Extract the joint locations

  12. Outlines • Curl/Warp Measurement • Profile Synchronization and Joint ID • 2GCI Curvature Index • RoCK System for Curvature-Impact-Roughess Analysis

  13. Westergaard Curling Formula

  14. Adjusted Westergaard Curling Parameters • Adjusted to overcome Westergaard assumptions • Fit to actual slab deformation • More fundamental than an arbitrary geometric function • Fitted parameters: • Pseudo-radius of relative stiffness • Pseudo-strain gradient

  15. 2GCI Fit – Curled Down Slab 25-mm data

  16. 2GCI Computation • Isolate the individual slab segments • De-trend and de-mean the profile segment • Mask joints • Define model parameters • Perform nonlinear curve fitting

  17. 2GCI Analysis AZ_001am - winter

  18. 2GCI Analysis AZ_001am - winter

  19. 2GCI Analysis MN_046a - summer

  20. 2GCI Analysis MN_046a - summer

  21. Mean Curvatures

  22. Outlines • Curl/Warp Measurement • Profile Synchronization and Joint ID • 2GCI Curvature Index • RoCK System for Curvature-Impact-Roughess Analysis

  23. 2GCI vs Roughness AZ_001m

  24. 2GCI vs Roughness AZ_001m

  25. 2GCI vs Roughness AZ_001m

  26. Roughness Rub The RoCK Chart Rlb Rzc Curvature (upward) Curvature (downward) 0 Clf Crt

  27. Roughness Decomposition Rub Curvature-related Roughness Rlb Rbtc Rzc Non Curvature-related Roughness 0

  28. Roughness TYPE I-A Sites Src < 0 Rbtc > 0 Rub Curled up Curvature dominates roughness Rlb Rzc Curvature (upward) Curvature (downward) 0 Clf Crt

  29. Roughness TYPE I-B Sites Src < 0 Rbtc ~ 0 Curled up mildly Curvature affects roughness Rub Rzc Rlb Curvature (upward) Curvature (downward) 0 Clf Crt

  30. Roughness TYPE II Sites Curled up and down Curvature affects Roughness mildly Src < 0 Rbtc ~ 0 Src > 0 Rbtc ~ 0 Rub Curvature (upward) Curvature (downward) Rzc Rlb 0 Clf Crt

  31. Roughness TYPE III-A Sites Rub Curled down Curvature dominates roughness Src > 0 Rbtc > 0 Rlb Rzc Curvature (upward) Curvature (downward) 0 Clf Crt

  32. Roughness TYPE III-B Sites Curled down mildly Curvature affects roughness Src > 0 Rbtc ~ 0 Rub Curvature (upward) Rzc Rlb Curvature (downward) 0 Clf Crt

  33. Bolivian Project • Two-lane undivided JCP • Mountainous terrain with moderate fills and cuts • 24-ft wide, 12-ft joint spacing • 8-inch slab on 6-inch granular base • Local climate is arid with rains from December to March • Drastic overnight temperature drops

  34. Bolivian Project • Low relative humidity and extreme temperatures • Mix with a relatively high water cement ratio, high CTE aggregate, and inadequate curing techniques. • Longitudinal cracks at the center of the slab in both travel directions after the first winter

  35. AM Bolivian Project

  36. Bolivian Project

  37. Bolivian Project FEM Analysis Strength

  38. The Implications… • What’s timing to measure roughness for a pavement acceptance testing? • What’s the best practice to avoid curl and warp? • What’s the best time to grind the pavements to improve smoothness?

  39. Tools you can use… • New, robust profile synchronization and joint identification techniques • Invention of 2GCI to better characterize slab curvature • New, effective slab curvature analysis framework • RoCK System to assess curvature’s impact on roughness

  40. Acknowledgement • US FHWA Sponsorship • Co-authors: • Steven M. Karamihas, University of Michigan, USA • Robert Otto Rasmussen, P.E., Ph.D., The Transtec Group, Inc., USA • David Merritt, P.E., M.S., The Transtec Group, Inc., USA • Mark Swanlund, P.E., US DOT Federal Highway Administration, USA • Many US State DOT for assistance in field measurements

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