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Sedimentary Rocks

Sedimentary Rocks. Sedimentary Rocks. Sediment A. Introduction. Sedimentary Rocks. Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification. Sedimentary Rocks. Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification 1) Weathering and Erosion.

nasim-caldwell
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Sedimentary Rocks

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  1. Sedimentary Rocks

  2. Sedimentary Rocks • Sediment A. Introduction

  3. Sedimentary Rocks • Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification

  4. Sedimentary Rocks • Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification 1) Weathering and Erosion

  5. Sedimentary Rocks • Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification 1) Weathering and Erosion 2) Transportation

  6. Sedimentary Rocks • Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification 1) Weathering and Erosion 2) Transportation 3) Deposition

  7. Sedimentary Rocks B. Process that leads to Lithification 1) Weathering and Erosion 2) Transportation 3) Deposition 4) Lithification

  8. Sedimentary Rocks B. Process that leads to Lithification 1) Weathering and Erosion 2) Transportation 3) Deposition 4) Lithification *cementation and compaction

  9. Sedimentary Rocks II. Composition of Sed. Rocks

  10. Sedimentary Rocks II. Composition of Sed. Rocks A. Clay

  11. Sedimentary Rocks II. Composition of Sed. Rocks • Clay (multiple meanings) 1. size (0.004 mm)

  12. Sedimentary Rocks II. Composition of Sed. Rocks • Clay (multiple meanings) 1. size (0.004 mm) 2. Mineralogy

  13. Sedimentary Rocks II. Composition of Sed. Rocks • Clay (multiple meanings) 1. size (0.004 mm) 2. Mineralogy * kaolinite

  14. Sedimentary Rocks II. Composition of Sed. Rocks • Clay (multiple meanings) 1. size (0.004 mm) 2. Mineralogy * kaolinite *illite

  15. Sedimentary Rocks 1. size (0.004 mm) 2. Mineralogy * kaolinite *illite *montmorillonite

  16. Sedimentary Rocks II. Composition of Sed. Rocks • Clay • Quartz (SiO2) “flint”, “chert”

  17. High Temp (1300 C) Olivine Ca Plagioclase Feldspar Pyroxene Ca-Na Plagioclase Feldspar Amphibole Na-Ca Plagioclase Feldspar Biotite Na Plagioclase Feldspar Orthoclase Feldspar Muscovite Low Temp (600 C) Quartz

  18. Sedimentary Rocks II. Composition of Sed. Rocks • Clay • Quartz • Calcite (CaCO3)

  19. Sedimentary Rocks II. Composition of Sed. Rocks • Clay • Quartz • Calcite • Other Minerals…..

  20. Sedimentary Rocks III. Formation of Sedimentary Rocks A. Detrital (Clastic)

  21. Sedimentary Rocks III. Formation of Sedimentary Rocks • Detrital (Clastic) • Chemical

  22. Sedimentary Rocks III. Formation of Sedimentary Rocks • Detrital (Clastic) • Chemical • Biochemical

  23. Sedimentary Rocks IV. Morphology (texture) • Definition of texture: “the size and shape of the particle that make up the rock.”

  24. Sedimentary Rocks IV. Morphology (texture) • Definition of texture: “the size and shape of the particle that make up the rock.” B. Size

  25. Wentworth Scale

  26. Sedimentary Rocks IV. Morphology (texture) • Definition of texture: “the size and shape of the particle that make up the rock.” B. Size C. Shape

  27. Sedimentary Rocks C. Shape 1. Roundness

  28. Sedimentary Rocks C. Shape 1. Roundness 2. Sphericity

  29. Sedimentary Rocks IV. Morphology (texture) D. Maturity

  30. Sedimentary Rocks V. Types of Sedimentary Rocks • “The Model” for clastic rocks

  31. “The Model”

  32. B. Descriptions of individual clastic rocks Breccia Conglomerate

  33. B. Descriptions of individual clastic rocks Arkose Graywacke Quartz Sandstone

  34. B. Descriptions of individual clastic rocks Siltstone Shale/Mudstone

  35. Chemical and Biochemical Rocks Limestones Micrite Calcarenite

  36. Limestones Chalk Coquina Fossiliferous

  37. Limestones Oolitic

  38. Chemical and Biochemical Rocks Limestones Dolomites

  39. Chemical and Biochemical Rocks Chert Coal (Bituminous)

  40. Chemical and Biochemical Rocks Evaporites (Halite and Gypsum)

  41. Sedimentary Rocks VI. Features of Sedimentary Rocks

  42. VI. Features of Sedimentary Rocks A. Bedding

  43. Bedding

  44. Sedimentary Rocks VI. Features of Sedimentary Rocks • Bedding • Mud Cracks

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