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Chapter 15 Urban America

Chapter 15 Urban America. Section 2 Urbanization. Americans Migrate to Cities. The urban population of the U.S. grew from about 10 million in 1870 to over 30 million by 1900. Immigrants remained in cities & worked for little pay. Farmers moved to cities because: Better paying jobs

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Chapter 15 Urban America

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  1. Chapter 15Urban America Section 2 Urbanization

  2. Americans Migrate to Cities • The urban population of the U.S. grew from about 10 million in 1870 to over 30 million by 1900. • Immigrants remained in cities & worked for little pay. • Farmers moved to cities because: • Better paying jobs • Electricity • Running water • Plumbing • entertainment

  3. The New Urban Environment • Housing & transportation needs changed due to the increase in # of people in cities. • As price of land increased, building owners began to build up. • Skyscrapers – tall steel frame buildings, met this need.

  4. Sullivan contributed to the design of skyscrapers. Louis Sullivan

  5. Built 1886 Eliel House

  6. Built 1881-1882 Jewelers’ Building

  7. South Half 1883 North Half 1887 Kaufmann Store and Flats

  8. Built 1886-1890 Auditorium

  9. Mass Transit • Late 1800s, mass transit developed to move large numbers of people around cities quickly.

  10. Horsecar

  11. Electric Trolley - 1910

  12. Elevated Railroads

  13. Separation of Class • Definite boundaries were set b/w the wealthy, middle class, and working class. • Wealthy lived in the heart of the city in elaborate buildings. • Middle class (doctors, lawyers, engineers, teachers) lived away from the city. • Working class lived in tenements, or dark & crowded multi-family apartments.

  14. Separation by Class*Don’t Write* • Average salaries: • Middle Class - $1,100 • Working Class - $445

  15. Tenement – Current Day

  16. Tenement - 1890

  17. Tenement - 1912

  18. Urban Problems • Growth in cities resulted in an increase in crime, fire, disease, and pollution. • Native-born Americans blamed immigrants for the increase in crime. • Alcohol contributed to crime in the late 1800s • Contaminated drinking water from improper sewage disposal resulted in epidemics of typhoid fever and cholera.

  19. Urban Politics • The political machine, an informal political group designed to gain and keep power, provided essentials to city dwellers in exchange for votes. • Party bosses ran the political machines.

  20. Irish immigrant One of NYC’s most powerful bosses. George Plunkitt

  21. Urban Politics • Party Bosses had tight control of the city’s money. • Many became wealthy due to fraud or graft – getting money through questionable means.

  22. Tammany Hall • Most famous NY Democratic political machine. • William M. “Boss” Tweed – leader during the 1860s & 1870s. • Arrested for corruption in 1874.

  23. “Boss”

  24. Party bosses in Kansas City, MO. Led city & state politics from 1890s to 1930s. Thomas James Thomas & James Pendergast

  25. Political Machines • Although corrupt, machines did supply important services and help assimilate the expanding population of city dwellers.

  26. End of Section 2 Next: Section 3 The Gilded Age

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