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PROTOZOA

PROTOZOA. Presented By: Dr. Shaymaa Abdalal Medical Parasitology Demonstrator . INTESTINAL PROTOZOA. INTESTINAL PROTOZOA. Numerous protozoa inhabit the gastro-intestinal tract of humans .

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PROTOZOA

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  1. PROTOZOA Presented By: Dr. Shaymaa Abdalal Medical Parasitology Demonstrator

  2. INTESTINAL PROTOZOA

  3. INTESTINAL PROTOZOA • Numerous protozoa inhabit the gastro-intestinal tract of humans . • Entamoebahistolytica can become a highly virulent and invasive organism that causes a potentially lethal systemic disease. • Giardialamblia can cause severe acute diarrhea which may lead to a chronic diarrhea and nutritional disorders

  4. INTESTINAL PROTOZOA • Intestinal protozoa are transmitted by the fecal-oral route . • exhibit similar life cycles consisting of a cyst stage and a trophozoite stage

  5. INTESTINAL PROTOZOA www.tulane.edu

  6. Giardialamblia

  7. Giardialamblia Disease: GIARDIASIS Distribution: worldwide distribution and is the most common protozoan isolated from human stools.

  8. Giardialamblia • Definitive host :man • Habitat: upper portions of the small intestine. • Infective stage: cysts.

  9. Giardialamblia trophozoite

  10. Giardialamblia trophozoite Characteristic features : • Two nuclei (Nu). • Central karyosomes (k). • median bodies (MB). • Axonemes (Ax) . • Four pairs of flagella (Fg). • An adhesive disk (AD). www.tulane.edu/~wiser/protozoology/notes/intes.html

  11. Giardialamblia trophozoite Morphology: • Size :12-15 X 5-10µm. • Shape:Pear or Tear Drop www.tulane.edu/~wiser/protozoology/notes/intes.html

  12. Giardialamblia trophozoite

  13. Giardialamblia cyst

  14. Giardialamblia cyst Characteristic features : • Four nuclei (Nu). • Axonemes (Ax) . • Median bodies (MB). • Well-defined wall (CW)

  15. Giardialamblia cyst Morphology : • Size :11-14X 6-10µm. • Shape: Oval

  16. Giardialamblia cyst

  17. Entamoebahistolytica

  18. Entamoebahistolytica Disease: amebiasis or amebic dysentery. Distribution: • found throughout the world, they are more common in tropical countries or other areas with poor sanitary conditions.

  19. Entamoebahistolytica • Definitive host :man • Habitat: large intestine. • Reservoir: no animal reservoirs. • Infective stage: cysts.

  20. Entamoebahistolytica trophozoite

  21. Entamoebahistolytica trophozoite Characteristic features : • a finger-like pseudopodium (psd) . • the ectoplasm (ecto). • cytoplasm has a granular appearance the endoplasm (endo). • a glycogen vacuole (vac). • Nuclear (Nu). • chromatin and a centrally located karyosome (ka).

  22. Entamoebahistolytica trophozoite Morphology : • Size :15-30 µm. • Shape:an amorphous shape .

  23. Entamoebahistolytica trophozoite

  24. Entamoebahistolytica cyst

  25. Entamoebahistolytica cyst Characteristic features : • Chromatoid bodies (cb) . • 1-4 nuclei (Nu). • a glycogen vacuole (vac) .

  26. Entamoebahistolytica cyst Morphology : • Size :12-15 µm. • Shape:spherical shape .

  27. Entamoebahistolytica cyst

  28. Malaria

  29. Malaria • Malaria is the 5th cause of death from infectious diseases worldwide (after respiratory infections, HIV/AIDS, diarrheal diseases, and tuberculosis) in low-income countries. • Malaria is the 2nd leading cause of death from infectious diseases in Africa, after HIV/AIDS.

  30. Malaria Disease: Malaria Distribution: Malaria today is usually restricted to tropical and subtropical areas

  31. Malaria • Intermediate Host:man • Vector (Definitive host) : femaleAnopheles mosquito • habitat: RBC`s • Infective stage:sporozoites.

  32. P. vivax

  33. P. vivax

  34. P. Vivax ring stage

  35. P. Vivax ring stage Diagnostic Points: • Red cells containing parasites are usually enlarged. • Schuffner's dots are frequently present in the red cells as shown above. • The mature ring forms tend to be large and coarse. • Developing forms are frequently present.

  36. P. Vivaxschizont stage

  37. P. Vivaxschizont stage • schizonts of P. vivax are large and amoeboid. • Schizont large may almost fill the RBC`s. • Mature = 12 to 24 merozites.

  38. P. falciparum

  39. P. falciparum

  40. P. falciparum ring stage

  41. P. falciparum ring stage Diagnostic Points: • Red Cells are not enlarged. • Rings appear fine and delicate and there may be several in one cell. • Some rings may have two chromatin dots. • Presence of marginal or applique forms. • No Trophosoite and schizont.

  42. P. falciparum gametocyte stage

  43. P. falciparum gametocyte stage Gametocytes of P. falciparum. Figs. 27-28:Macrogametocytes (female); Figs. 29-30: Microgametocytes (male). Illustrations from:Coatney GR, Collins WE, Warren M, Contacos PG. The Primate Malarias. Bethesda: U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare; 1971.

  44. P. falciparum gametocyte stage • crescent- or sausage-shaped. • 1.5 times the diameter of an RBC in length. • remnants of the host RBC can be seen; this is often referred to as Laveran's bib.

  45. P. falciparum gametocyte stage • Gametocyte of P. falciparum in a thin blood smear, showing Laveran's bib. 

  46. Key Morphological Differences Falciparum vivax • numerous rings • smaller rings • no trophozoites or schizonts • cresent-shaped gametocytes • enlarged erythrocyte • Schüffner's dots • 'ameboid' trophozoite

  47. Thank You

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