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Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Symptoms of Schizophrenia. Symptoms of Schizophrenia. Profound disruption in cognition and emotion, affecting the most fundamental human attributes: Language Thought Perception Affect Sense of self. Positive Symptoms.

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Symptoms of Schizophrenia

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  1. Symptoms of Schizophrenia www.assignmentpoint.com

  2. Symptoms of Schizophrenia • Profound disruption in cognition and emotion, affecting the most fundamental human attributes: • Language • Thought • Perception • Affect • Sense of self www.assignmentpoint.com

  3. Positive Symptoms • Those that appear to reflect an excess or distortion of normal functions. www.assignmentpoint.com

  4. Positive Symptoms • Delusions. Those where the patient thinks he is being followed or watched are common; also the belief that people on TV, radio are directing special messages to him/her. www.assignmentpoint.com

  5. Positive Symptoms • Hallucinations. Distortions or exaggerations of perception in any of the senses. • Often they hear voices within their own thoughts followed by visual hallucinations. www.assignmentpoint.com

  6. Positive Symptoms • Disorganized thinking/speech. • AKA loose associations; speech is tangential, loosely associated or incoherent enough to impair communication. www.assignmentpoint.com

  7. Positive Symptom • Grossly disorganized behavior. • Difficulty in goal directed behavior (ADLs), unpredictable agitation or silliness, social disinhibition, or bizarre behavior. • There is a purposelessness to behavior. www.assignmentpoint.com

  8. Positive Symptom • Catatonic behavior. • Marked decrease in reaction to immediate environment, sometimes just unaware of surroundings, rigid or bizarre postures, aimless motor activity. www.assignmentpoint.com

  9. Other Positive Symptoms • Inappropriate response to stimuli • Unusual motor behavior (pacing, rocking) • Depersonalization • Derealization • Somatic preoccupations www.assignmentpoint.com

  10. Summary of Positive Symptoms • Delusions • Hallucinations • Disorganized thinking • Disorganized behavior • Catatonic behavior • Inappropriate responses www.assignmentpoint.com

  11. FYI: Positive Symptoms • Positive symptoms are those that have a positive reaction from some treatment. • In other words, positive symptoms respond to treatment. www.assignmentpoint.com

  12. Negative Symptoms • Those that appear to reflect a diminution or loss of normal functions. • May be difficult to evaluate because they are not as grossly abnormal as positive symptoms. www.assignmentpoint.com

  13. Negative Symptoms • Affective flattening. • Reduction in the range and intensity of emotional expression, including facial expression, voice tone, eye contact and body language. www.assignmentpoint.com

  14. Negative Symptom • Alogia (poverty of speech) • Lessening of speech fluency and productivity, thought to reflect slowing or blocked thoughts; often manifested as short, empty replies to questions. www.assignmentpoint.com

  15. Negative Symptom • Avolition • The reduction, difficulty or inability to initiate and persist in goal-directed behavior. Often mistaken for apparent disinterest. www.assignmentpoint.com

  16. Examples of Avolition • No longer interested in going out with friends • No longer interested in activities that the person used to show enthusiasm • No longer interested in anything • Sitting in the house for hours or days doing nothing www.assignmentpoint.com

  17. Disorganized Symptoms • This one is somewhat new and may not be considered valid. • It is thought disorder, confusion, disorientation and memory problems. www.assignmentpoint.com

  18. Summary of Negative Symptoms • Lack of emotion • Low energy • Lack of interest in life • Affective flattening • Alogia • Inappropriate social skills • Inability to make friends • Social isolation www.assignmentpoint.com

  19. Cognitive Symptoms • Difficulties in concentration and memory: • Disorganized thinking • Slow thinking • Difficulty understanding • Poor concentration • Poor memory • Difficulty expressing thoughts • Difficulty integrating thoughts, feelings, behaviors www.assignmentpoint.com

  20. FYI: Negative Symptoms • Currently there is no treatment that has a consistent impact on negative symptoms. www.assignmentpoint.com

  21. Types of Schizophrenia • Paranoid • Hebephrenic • Catatonic • Residual • Schizoaffective • Undifferentiated www.assignmentpoint.com

  22. Paranoid Schizophrenia • Persons are very suspicious of others and often have grand schemes of persecution at the root of their behavior. • During this phase they may have hallucinations and frequent delusions. www.assignmentpoint.com

  23. Hebephrenic Schizophrenia • AKA disorganized schizophrenia; characterized by emotionless, incongruous, or silly behavior, intellectual deterioration, frequently beginning insidiously during adolescence. • May be verbally incoherent and may have moods and emotions that are not appropriate to the situation. • Hallucinations not usually present. www.assignmentpoint.com

  24. Catatonic Schizophrenia • Person is extremely withdrawn, negative and isolated. • May have marked psychomotor disturbances. www.assignmentpoint.com

  25. Residual Schizophrenia • Lacks motivation and interest in day-to-day living. • Person is not usually having delusions, hallucinations or disorganized speech. www.assignmentpoint.com

  26. Schizoaffective Disorder • There will be symptoms of schizophrenia as well as mood disorder (depression, bipolar, mixed mania). www.assignmentpoint.com

  27. Undifferentiated Schizophrenia • Conditions meeting the general diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia but not conforming to any of the previous types. • Exhibits more than one of the previous types without a clear dominance of one. www.assignmentpoint.com

  28. Summary • Before a diagnosis the psychiatrist must make a thorough evaluation including a physical/medical exam, a mental status exam, appropriate labs, and a full history. • History includes changes in thinking, behavior, movement, mood, etc. as seen by the family. www.assignmentpoint.com

  29. Medications • In general it may take up to 6 months for medications to show consistent effects. • The newest medication is Invega. • Meds include atypicals: Abilify, Geodon, Clozapine, Risperidone, Seroquel, Zyprexa. • [Remember: agiraffe can really see a zebra] www.assignmentpoint.com

  30. These medications may have such intolerable side effects that the patient will stop the drugs. • One study showed the average time the meds were taken regularly was 3 months. www.assignmentpoint.com

  31. Treatments • Psychotherapy - an adjunct to meds and is very useful to keep the patient on the meds. • Group therapy • Family therapy • Community support groups www.assignmentpoint.com

  32. Early detection and treatment has the best results/response to treatment. • Per patients, once you have schizophrenia you have it for life. The best you can hope for is control. www.assignmentpoint.com

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