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Characteristics of Living Things

Characteristics of Living Things. All organisms: are made of 1 or more cells. need a source of energy for life processes. must respond to their environment to survive. must have the ability to reproduce. Cell Theory. Major Principles. All organisms are made of cells.

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Characteristics of Living Things

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  1. Characteristics of Living Things All organisms: • are made of 1 or more cells. • need a source of energy for life processes. • must respond to their environment to survive. • must have the ability to reproduce.

  2. Cell Theory

  3. Major Principles • All organisms are made of cells. • All existing cells are produced by other living cells. • The cell is the most basic unit of life.

  4. Cell Types • Prokaryotes • No membrane-bound nucleus or organelles • Eukaryotes • Made up of one or more cells • Nucleus & membrane-bound organelles

  5. Prokaryote

  6. Eukaryote

  7. Parts of the Cell • All cell types have: • Plasma Membrane - cells outer boundary • Cytoplasm - fluid inside the cell • Control center - nucleus in eukaryotic cells, DNA in cytoplasm in prokaryotic cells • Only eukaryotic cells have organelles

  8. Plasma Membrane Controls what goes in and out of the cell

  9. Cytoplasm • Cell’s liquid interior • Contains the cytoskeleton • Contains organelles

  10. Nucleus In Eukaryotic Cells Controls all cell’s activities Contains DNA

  11. Nuclear Envelope Separates DNA from cytoplasm in the nucleus

  12. Nucleolus • In the nucleus • Made of proteins & nucleic acids • Ribosome synthesis

  13. Ribosome • Contains RNA • Helps build proteins • Made in the nucleolus

  14. Mitochondrion • Generates ATP (energy) • Controls cell cycle & cell growth • Inherited from your mother

  15. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Production & movement of proteins throughout the cell

  16. Golgi Apparatus Processes & packages lipids & proteins

  17. Lysosome Digests food & worn-out cell parts for the cell

  18. Cilia & Flagella Cilia • Single-celled organisms • Helps move the cell around • Cilia – many & short • Flagella – few & long Flagella

  19. Cell Wall • Outside of the cell membrane • Provides support & protection • Plant cells

  20. Central Vacuole • Storage unit for cells • Contains wastes, food, or water

  21. Chloroplast Conducts photosynthesis

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