CH 10, Sect. 5 – Notes The Hundred Years’ War:

3. CH 10, Sect. 5 – Notes • The Hundred Years’ War: • Was fought between France and England from 1337-1453 = 116 years. • Main issue: Philip VI of France seized land in France that belonged to England. Edward III of England then declared war on France.

4. Edward III Philip VI

6. The Hundred Years’ War cont: • France: Army was made up of knights who rode on horses (cavalry). • England: Some cavalry, but more foot soldiers, and archers who used longbows.

7. The French Knights

8. The Hundred Years’ War cont: • The longbow: One of the most deadly weapons in the history of warfare. • It made knights of the Middle Ages obsolete.

9. English Longbow men

10. Arrows hit with such force that they could penetrate a knight’s armor, go through the body, and exit from behind.

11. The Hundred Years’ War cont: • Battle of Crecy: 1346, French army destroyed by English longbows. • Battle of Agincourt: 1415, Again the French were defeated by the English in the same manner.

18. The Hundred Years’ War cont: • Joan of Arc: Born in 1412 as an illiterate peasant, it was believed she had spiritual powers. • At 18 she persuaded King Charles of France to let her lead the French against the English.

22. The Hundred Years’ War cont: • The English captured Joan in 1430. • She was executed as a heretic – burned alive at the stake.

24. The Hundred Years’ War cont: • Joan became a martyr which inspired the French to defeat the English. • It also helped that the French used a new weapon – the canon for the first time.

25. Impact of the Hundred Years’ War: • France: Becomes stronger, French monarchy gains even more power. • England: Is weakened, a civil starts called War of the Roses. A new dynasty called the Tudors is started.

26. Impact of the Hundred Years’ War cont. • Henry VII: From England, took power away from the nobles, did not raise taxes, power of monarchy expanded.