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CH 24, sect 2: The Rise of Dictatorial Regimes

CH 24, sect 2: The Rise of Dictatorial Regimes Totalitarian State : Copy the definition on pg. 759. Features of totalitarian state: Passive obedience Propaganda to conquer hearts and minds of citizens. Used radio and film to spread their message. The Rise of Dictatorial Regimes cont.

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CH 24, sect 2: The Rise of Dictatorial Regimes

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  1. CH 24, sect 2: The Rise of Dictatorial Regimes • Totalitarian State: Copy the definition on pg. 759. Features of totalitarian state: • Passive obedience • Propaganda to conquer hearts and minds of citizens. • Used radio and film to spread their message.

  2. The Rise of Dictatorial Regimes cont. • Led by a single leader and single party. • No limited gov’t and individual freedoms. • The collective will, as determined by the leader was more important than individual rights and freedoms. • Masses were expected to help the state achieve its goal. (communism, war, socialism)

  3. Fascism in Italy: • Started by Benito Mussolini, he started the first fascist movement in Europe around 1921. (He was a socialist before becoming a fascist.) • Fascism: Glorifies the state, strong dictator, people controlled by gov’t, opposition is suppressed.

  4. Mussolini formed bands of men called the Blackshirtsto combat socialism, communism and disorder in Italy. • They used violence to break up strikes. • Fascists used nationalism and anger about the Treaty of Versailles to appeal to Italians.

  5. In 1922, Mussolini forced Victor Emmanuel III to make him prime minister. • Mussolini used this position to develop a facist state and take over Italy. • New laws were passed giving the gov’t the right to suspend publications that were critical of the church, the monarchy, or the state.

  6. 1926: Fascists outlawed all political parties in Italy. • Secret police called OVRA established. • Mussolini became known as ilDuce – “The Leader.” • Fascists controlled all mass media, propaganda was used to mold Italians to support fascism.

  7. What fascism did not achieve in Italy: • Complete totalitarian control like in Germany and the Soviet Union. • Some of the old power structure survived. • Armed forces were independent of the fascists. • The monarchy was retained.

  8. The Church and Fascism: • Mussolini recognized Vatican City as a sovereign independent state in Italy. • The pope then recognized the fascist party as the sole rulers of Italy. • Fascists gave money to the Catholic Church, in return the Church urged Italians to support fascism.

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