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Nervous System

Nervous System. Allison Leigh, Maryann Zmuda, and Max Davenport. What is the Nervous System?. A system made up of nerve cells and fibers, where your brain sends signals to specific parts of the body, and receives information about what is happening in the body.

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Nervous System

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  1. Nervous System Allison Leigh, Maryann Zmuda, and Max Davenport

  2. What is the Nervous System? • A system made up of nerve cells and fibers, where your brain sends signals to specific parts of the body, and receives information about what is happening in the body. • Controls all involuntary movement. • Heart pumping • Breathing • Digestion of food • Controls all voluntary (by choice) movement. • Running • Talking • Grabbing an object

  3. Organs of the Nervous System • Central Nervous System • Brain • Spinal Cord • Peripheral Nervous System • Nerves • Somatic and Autonomic Nervous System

  4. CNS- Brain Cerebrum • Cerebrum: controls all voluntary muscles; analytical thinking (left); abstract thinking (right). • Cerebellum: balance, movement, and coordination. • Brain stem: controls involuntary muscles; in charge of functions needed to stay alive; connects brain to spinal cord; sorts messages between brain and body. • Pituitary Gland: all hormones produced/released through this gland (puberty, growth, etc); helps keep metabolism going. • Hypothalamus: controls body temperature (98.6 degrees). Hypothalamus Cerebellum Pituitary Gland Brain Stem

  5. CNS- Spinal Cord • Long bundle of nerves protected by spinal column and vertebraes. • Lets messages travel between the brain and the body. • Nerves assembled into tracts • Ascending Tracts: carries sensory info from body to brain • Touch, skin temp, pain, etc. • Sensory Neurons • Descending Tracts: carry info downwards from brain to body • Movement • Motor Neurons • Spinal nerves carry to and from different levels of spinal cord • Cervical • Thoracic • Lumbar & Sacral

  6. PNS- Nerves • Cranial Nerves • 12 pairs from bottom of brain • Smell, vision, hearing, balance (3) • Motor functions (5) • Assist with movement (4) • Head, neck, and facial area • Spinal Nerves • 31 pairs from side of spinal cord • 8 cervical • 12 thoracic • 5 lumbar • 5 sacral • 1 coccygeal (tailbone) • Nerves branch out from brain and spinal cord. • PNS connections with organs and structures of the body are made through cranial and spinal nerves.

  7. PNS- Somatic & Autonomic • Autonomic • Regulates heart, stomach, and intestines • Involuntary • Sympathetic • “Fight or Flight” • Uses energy (blood pressure, heart beat, etc.) • Thoratic & Lumbar • Parasympathetic • “Rest and Digest” • Saves energy (blood pressure, heart beat, etc.) • Sacral • Enteric • Controls normal digestive activity • Body reacting to nervousness, etc. • Somatic • Sends sensory info to Central • Nervous System • Sends messages to motor nerve fibers (muscles moving body) • Voluntary

  8. ParaSympathetic vs. sympathetic

  9. Diseases • Multiple Sclerosis • Degenerative disease that affects myelin sheath and conduction pathways between brain and spinal cord. • Causes of MS: • Abnormal response of body’s immune system to myelin • Environmental factors such as viral infection • Inflammation • Symptoms of MS: • Damage to neurons • Muscle symptoms • Eye symptoms • Etc.

  10. Diseases • Alzheimer's • The loss of brain functions that allows the subject’s brain to deteriorate over time. • Causes: • Dementia • Genetic lineage • Previous head trauma • Early life experiences • Dietary habits (high cholesterol, etc.) • Progressive & irreversible • Symptoms: • Memory loss • Atrophy of brain • Language • Emotional behavior

  11. Fun Health Facts • The brain is the fattest organ in human body; contains 60% fat. • Right side of brain controls left side of body & left side of brain controls right side of body. • You can’t tickle yourself. • If all the neurons in a person’s body were lined up, it would stretch 600 miles long. • There are 100 billion neurons in human brain. • Eating seafood at least once a week lowers your chance of dementia by at least 30%.

  12. Sources cited • http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/nsdivide.html • http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/kinser/Structure1.html • http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/spinal.html • http://www.cyh.com/HealthTopics/HealthTopicDetailsKids.aspx?p=335&np=152&id=2612 • http://www.sci.uidaho.edu/med532/alzheimer.htm • http://www.sci.uidaho.edu/med532/multiple_sclerosis.htm

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