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Complimentary therapies to support cancer patients

Complimentary therapies to support cancer patients. Fundamental Immunology Understanding the mechanism of cancer Dysregulation of the immune system Correcting immune dysregulation Factors that stimulate metabolism/repair A clinical approach to the cancer patient. 1.1 Fundamental Immunology.

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Complimentary therapies to support cancer patients

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  1. Complimentary therapies to support cancer patients • Fundamental Immunology • Understanding the mechanism of cancer • Dysregulation of the immune system • Correcting immune dysregulation • Factors that stimulate metabolism/repair • A clinical approach to the cancer patient

  2. 1.1 Fundamental Immunology Thymus T Lymphocytes Lymphoid stem cells B Lymphocyte Plasma cells Natural Killer Cells Bone marrow stem cells erythrocytes megakaryocytes Myeloid stem cells monocytes macrophage granulocytes

  3. 1.1 Fundamental Immunology Antigen enters the body Nonspecific (Innate) response • Neutrophils, Macrophage ( inflammation ) • Interferon (defends against viral attack) • Natural Killer Cells (attack virally infected / cancer cells) • Complement system (destruction of foreign cells) Specific Immune response

  4. 1.1 Fundamental Immunology Memory B cells Immature B cells Plasma cells Activated B cells Ig (M,G,E,A,D) • Antigen presenting cells • Macrophage • Dendritic cells • Plasma (B) cells • MHC1 and MHC2 receptors T H 2 T Helper Lymphocytes (TH1 and TH2) Humoral Immunity • Antigen infected Body cells • MHC1 receptor only Cellular Immunity T H 1 Activated T cells Cytotoxic / killer T cells Immature T cells Memory T cells

  5. 1.1 Fundamental Immunology • Overview of B Lymphocytes : • B cell encounters antigen, binds the antigen, engulfes it, then presents antigen on MHC 2 receptors • T Helper cells (TH2) recognises the antigen presented and activates the B cell to become a Plasma cell, which divides, and secretes specific antibody (Ig) • Some B cells become Memory B cells, and collect in Lymph Nodes • Antibodies released into the blood or lymph (Immunoglobulins) bind with antigens, and target them for destruction by granulocytes, macrophages, etc • B cells can produce 5 subclasses of Ig, depending on the type of antigen, and the location of the B cell. ie B cells in the gut which contact a parasite will produce IgE etc. • The different classes of Ig bound antigen activate different parts of the granulocyte and macrophage population (ie IgE activates eosinophils and basophils (mast cells)).

  6. 1.1 Fundamental Immunology Overview of T lymphocytes : • T cells are activated by direct cell to cell contact, via antigens presented on cell surface receptors. MHC 2 receptors are found only on Antigen Presenting Cells (macrophage, dendritic cells, B cells), and MHC 1 receptors on any normal body cell. • On activation, T cells can mature into 2 distinct sub groups, called CD4+ (Helper T cells) by contact with MHC 2 antigen, and CD8+ (Cytotoxic and Supressor T cells) by contact with MHC1 antigen. • T Helper cells (TH) are further divided into 2 main classes, TH1 and TH2, and maturation into these types is determined by the micoenvironment and the type of APC. • TH1 cells are stimulated to mature due to the presence of bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and are stimulated by the cytokines IL- 12,23,18, IFN-B. They stimulate macrophage activation, and support maturation of Cytotoxic T cells. They release IL-2, IFN-Y, TNF-B, and are linked to cell mediated inflammation, and Delayed Type Hypersensitivity.

  7. 1.1 Fundamental Immunology Overview of T lymphocytes : • TH2 cells are stimulated to form due to the presence of soluble antigen, and the presence of large numbers of parasites. TH2 cells secrete IL-4,5,9,10 and 13, and result in eosinophil activation, mast cell degranulation, and stimulation of B cells and production of Immunoglobulins. • A third class, TH3 cells, are the gut mucosal T cells, and play a role in balancing TH1 and TH2 cells, and provide for oral tolerance and immunosupression in allergies and autoimmunity • Cytotoxic T cells (stimulated by TH1 cells) are responsible for cellular destruction, and destroy host cells bearing foreign antigen (eg viral, neoplastic, transplant) • Supressor T cells (Ts) play a role in immunologic tolerance, and act to supress both Cytotoxic and Helper T cell activity.

  8. 1.1 Fundamental Immunology Balance = Health TH1 TH2 Il-2, TNF, IFN IL-4, IL-10 TH3

  9. 1.2 Understanding Cancer Imbalance = Disease TH2 TH1 IL-4, IL-10 TH3 Il-2, TNF, IFN Increased Ig production Increased eosinophil and mast cell degranulation Allergies, systemic autoimmunity, inflammation and pain Suppression of NK cells Suppression of Cytotoxic T cells Increased incidence of neoplasia Increased cellular viral infection

  10. 1.2 Understanding Cancer Imbalance = Disease TH1 TH2 Il-2, TNF, IFN TH3 IL-4, IL-10 Increased tissue specific autoimmunity Increased parasitic infection

  11. 1.2 Understanding Cancer • The healthy body maintains a natural balance between TH1 and TH2 cells • When factors in the body lead to an imbalance, disease results • The most common imbalance in both people and domestic pets, is an excess of TH2 cells, and a deficiency of TH1 cells.

  12. 1.2 Understanding Cancer • A deficiency of TH1 helper cells results in a decreased stimulus of the Cellular immune response, which translates to a deficiency of Cytotoxic (CD8+) Killer T cells, and Natural Killer cells, which are responsible for destruction of host cells expressing MHC 1 receptors (cells infected with viruses, or neoplastic host cells) • The result of this imbalance is an increased risk of cancer and viral infection

  13. 1.2 Understanding Cancer • The excess of TH2 cells results in an excessive stimulation of the humoral immune response, and the resultant immunoglobulin production, including excessive IgE, which translates to over-stimmulation of eosinophils and mast cells • Excessive Ig production results in an increase in the incidence of allergies, inflammation, and systemic autoantibody production. Eg. atopy, contact allergy, FAD, DJD, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia/thrombocytopaenia, SLE...

  14. 1.3 Causes of Immune dysregulation • Stress • Toxins • Nutritional deficiencies • Hormones • Insulin • Infection, inflammation • Parasites • old Age

  15. 1.3 Causes of Immune dysregulation • Stress hormones (adrenaline, cortisone) act by blocking IL-12 (supressing TH1 cells), but stimulate APC’s (antigen presenting cells) and therefore stimulate TH2 cell production • Pesticides and heavy metals (environmental pollutants) supress TH1 cells

  16. 1.3 Causes of Immune dysregulation • Nutritional deficiencies created by improper diets, or by heavy consumption of cooked processed foods, results in TH1 suppression. • Vitamins, which act not only as vital co-enzymes, but also as powerful anti-oxidants and free radical scavengers, are intrinsic to immune balance. As proteins, they are subject to denaturing during cooking, and subtle damage can greatly reduce their bioavailability. • Vitamin E deficiency is directly linked to T cell-mediated immune dysfunction

  17. 1.3 Causes of Immune dysregulation • Omega 3 Essential fatty acids are also heat sensitive, and create a TH2 excess when deficient • Zinc deficiency directly results in TH1 suppression • Iodine deficiency leads to hypothyroidism, which causes T cell deficiency • Chromium deficiency causes insulin resistance, which in turn leads to excessive production of insulin, and excessive TH2 stimulation.

  18. 1.3 Causes of Immune dysregulation • There are 76 known macro and micro nutrients involved in homoeostasis. Sub standard pet foods can contain as little as 38 of these nutrients. Even top premium brand foods contain only 54. • The full range of these elements can only be found in raw, unprocessed, organic foods. • Probiotics in the large bowel play a key role in balancing TH1 and TH2

  19. 1.3 Causes of Immune dysregulation • Oestrogen and progesterone enhance TH2 expression, and suppress Th1. This exaggerates allergies, but supresses tissue specific autoimmune disease (prevents foetal rejection). Eg worsens demodex • Excessive insulin production (high sugar intake, carbohydrates, insulin resistance) promotes TH2 expression.

  20. 1.3 Causes of Immune dysregulation • Many intracellular pathogens that infect macrophages can stimulate production of IL-10, which results in TH2 stimulation, and TH1 suppression • This results in suppression of the cellular immune response, and reduced clearance of the pathogen (eg FIV). • Helminth parasites create a strong TH2 response, leading to eosinophil activation and abundant IgE. • Old age results in general depression of the TH1 response

  21. 1.4 Correcting Immune dysfunction • The key to treating the cancer patient is to stimulate the TH1 cells, and suppress TH2 excess. The net result is to restore balance to the immune system. • There are several key nutrients that have this effect, and a range of other nutrients that support tissue repair and correct nutrient deficiencies

  22. 1.4 Correcting Immune dysfunction • Substances that stimulate TH1 cells, and / or suppress TH2 excess: • Perilla seed • Cat’s Claw • Coriolus versicolor • Glutathione • Grifola frondosa • Phytosterols • Shark Liver Oil • Shitake mushroom • Vitamin E (low dose) • Zinc

  23. 1.4 Correcting Immune dysfunction • Substances that balance TH1 and TH2 : • Astragalus membranaceus • Bromelain • Pro biotic bacteria • Reiishi mushroom

  24. 1.4 Correcting Immune dysfunction • Perilla frutescens contains flavanoids called Luteolin. • Luteolin has been clinically proven to inhibit the release of histamine, leukotrienes and prostaglandin from mast cells in a dose dependent manner, by suppressing TH2 excess, and blocking IgE formation

  25. 1.4 Correcting Immune dysfunction • Cat’s Claw (Uncaria tomentosa) stimulates cellular immunity, and has proven effectiveness against Mycoplasma, Rickettsia, Chlamydia, and is showing promise in treating chronic immune deficiency disorders like HIV and Herpes infection

  26. 1.4 Correcting Immune dysfunction • Coriolus versicolor (Karawatake mushroom), Grifola frondosa (Maitake mushroom) and Lentinus edodes (Shitake mushroom) all act to enhance proliferation of B and T lymphocytes, activate macrophages, memory T cells, and stimulate natural killer T cells. • They also enhance the effects of chemotherapeutic drugs and reduce damage to healthy tissue

  27. 1.4 Correcting Immune dysfunction • Plant phytosterols (sitosterol and sitosterolin) have been demonstrated in numerous trials in South Africa, to be potent immune balancers, both able to stimulate TH1 deficiency and suppress TH2 excess • Use has been focused on treatment of HIV infection, cervical and prostatic cancers, allergic conditions, and rheumatoid arthritis with consistent (>50%) improvements.

  28. 1.4 Correcting Immune dysfunction • Shark liver oil contains high levels of Alkylglycerols, as found in bone marrow and breast milk. • They are potent stimulators of T cell counts and Natural Killer cells • alkylglycerols are currently being researched for their use in treating HIV and immune supression

  29. 1.4 Correcting Immune dysfunction • Deficiencies of zinc, nitric oxide, or glutathione will cause a shift towards TH1 deficiency, and TH2 excess • Deficiency of any of the essential nutrients methionine, cysteine, arginine, vitamins A,B,C,E, zinc and selenium, which are utilised to form Glutathione, nitric oxide and metallothionein , can lead to a TH1 deficiency

  30. 1.4 Correcting Immune dysfunction • Astragalus membranaceous balances the Th1/TH2 response. • It enhances phagocytosis and Killer T cell activity, increases T cell counts, and reverses macrophage suppression • it also demonstrates anti-inflammatory and antihypertensive properties

  31. 1.4 Correcting Immune dysfunction • Probiotics provide for oral tolerance, by enhancing TH1 responses and supressing TH2. • The prescence of probiotics in the bowel improve intestinal function, enhance bioavailability of nutrients, decrease the prevalence of allergies, reduce symptoms of lactose intolerance, and reduce the risk of certain cancers.

  32. 1.5 Substances that promote tissue repair and metabolism • Shark Cartilage powder, containing GAG’s, accelerates tissue repair in joint tissues, skin hair and nails, and the lining of the digestive, respiratory, and urogenital tracts • It also contains antineoangiogenetic factors that have been shown to slow the growth of certain solid tumors

  33. 1.5 Substances that promote tissue repair and metabolism • Antioxidants like bromelain, quercetin, vitamins C, E, A, betacarotene, grape seed extract, green tea, and pine bark extract are all powerful free radical scavengers (induce superoxide dismutase production), and provide for additional antioxidant protection following surgery, chemotherapy etc.

  34. 1.5 Substances that promote tissue repair and metabolism • Colloidal minerals are the most easily assimilated form of nutrient supplements. • They are in the liquid form, as found in plant cells, and are passively absorbed across the bowel wall • Colloidal complexes contain all 76 known macro and micro nutrients

  35. 1.6 A clinical approach to the cancer patient • (1) If possible, get the animal eating a well balanced, total raw food diet. • (2) Ensure adequate vitamin and mineral intake using colloidal minerals, zinc, and multivitamins • (3) Ensure adequate probiotics using protexin eod. • (4) Start on an antioxidant supplement

  36. 1.6 A clinical approach to the cancer patient • (5) Stimulate tissue repair using shark cartilage powder • (6) Commence immunostimulatory therapy relative to the state of the animal and previous history (ie if it had a Hx of allergies, suppress TH2 and stimulate TH1, or just stimulate TH1 if no Hx of allergies)

  37. Metagenics : Immunocare Luteol Oxygenics Andro NK 5 Mushroom Extract Ph: 1800 777 648 www.metagenics.com.au Vets All Natural Complete Mix Shark Cartilage Omega Blend Lyppards, Therapon www.vetsallnatural.com.au Products available

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