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National R&E networking infrastructure

This meeting at Washington, DC discusses the evolution and challenges of high-performance networking infrastructure, the advancements in optical telecommunications, the requirements of advanced US research universities, and the unique features of Internet2 environment. It also covers the ongoing partnerships and collaborations, utilization and performance initiatives, new telecom business models, and future plans for Abilene network.

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National R&E networking infrastructure

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  1. National R&E networking infrastructure AAMC GIR MEETING WASHINGTON, DC Steve Corbató, Director of Backbone Network Infrastructure 10 March 2001

  2. Key points • An overview of the evolving national R&E network infrastructure • Why isn’t high performance networking plug-and-play yet and what can we do abut this? • Going optical – exposing the core of telecommunications • Watch out for genomics!

  3. Advanced U.S. research university connectivity requirements • Research testbed • configurable, breakable, measurable infrastructure • serving computer science research and advanced engineering • traditional province of DARPA • Advanced service/application deployment net • standards based, 7x24 operation expectation (NSFnet  vBNS  Abilene) • National education intranet • interconnecting all K-20 educational institutions/networks to enable applications and services unavailable over the commercial Internet • Commercial entities (high perf. connectivity)

  4. Unique features of Internet2 environment • Per capita available bandwidth O(10-100) higher than over the commercial Internet • TCP flows of 0.5 Gbps possible • Active advanced service deployment efforts • Native multicast most widely deployed • Commitment to open network management and active measurement • Collaborative relationship with GigaPoPs and research university campus technical communities • Commitment to the original end-to-end architecture and performance visions

  5. Abilene – February, 2001 • Inflection point in network development • OC-48c (2.5 Gbps) IP-over-SONET backbone • 53 current and pending connections in 32 states • 175+ participants in 47 states and D.C. • Ongoing strong partnership • Cisco, Nortel, Qwest, Indiana Univ., ITECs (NC and OH) • Increasing backbone utilization • Characteristic exponential growth • O(OC-12c) peak utilization on some links • Traffic doubling time: 7 months

  6. A new perspective on utilization • “Why worry? Abilene only has 10-25% utilization on an OC-48c (2.5 Gbps) backbone” • But we have exponential growth! • “September surprise” in academic nets • Excess capacity is needed to motivate and to enable paradigmatic apps & services • Last week’s Nisqually earthquake reminded me that outside of the Richter scale, we don’t think exponentially on a daily basis

  7. “Postel scale” • A means to stop thinking linearly about Internet bandwidth utilization • P = 3 + log10(Utilization/Capacity) • Typical values (range: 3  -infinity) • 100% (saturation) P=3 • 10% P=2 … • 0.1% P=0 (floor?)

  8. Two years later… • A backbone is exceeding 30% utilization • Network manager: “Yikes, our backbone is now running at 2.5 out of a possible 3 on the Postel Scale” • CIO: “Wow, thanks for catching this. Let’s get that upgrade started now.”

  9. Abilene annual connection fees

  10. End-to-End (e2e) PerformanceInitiative • Human to Human Collaboration Experience • User perception EYEBALL • Application CORE APP • Operating system • Host IP stack STACK • Host network card • Local Area Network (LAN) JACK • Campus backbone network • Campus connection to regional network/GigaPoP • GigaPoP connection to Internet2 national backbone • International connections

  11. New telecom business models • Kudos to NET@EDU Bandwidth Pricing Group • Carriers - two emerging service models •  providers • Network host (dim fiber/condominium) • Traders • Bandwidth as the new fungible unit • Should accelerate provisioning - velocity • Basis for a national testbed? • Little altruism (cf. Calif. energy crisis)

  12. Gigapop Transport Options:Topics for future discussion • RoW, conduit, dark & dim fiber, ’s • IRU arrangements • Optical technologies (amps, repeaters, DWDM, optical switching) • DWDM interoperability  • 10 Gigabit Ethernet vs. OC-192c • Strategic carrier hotel development • Collocation for interconnection, peering (not data centers)

  13. Next steps for Abilene • Continuing advanced service deployment • Playing our part in E2E Performance Initiative • Ongoing planning for Network of the Future • Close collaboration with the Gigapops and new fiber intiatives • Expanding access to broader education community in support of advanced networking

  14. For more information • corbato@internet2.edu • www.internet2.edu/abilene • www.internet2.edu/e2eperf

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